In the near future, traditional narrow and fixed viewpoint video services will be replaced by high-quality panorama video services. This paper proposes a visual-attention-aware progressive region of interest (RoI) trick mode streaming service (VA-PRTS) that prioritizes video data to transmit according to the visual attention and transmits prioritized video data progressively. VA-PRTS enables the receiver to speed up the time to display without degrading the perceptual quality. For the proposed VA-PRTS, this paper defines a cutoff visual attention metric algorithm to determine the quality of the encoded video slice based on the capability of visual attention and the progressive streaming method based on the priority of RoI video data. Compared to conventional methods, VA-PRTS increases the bitrate saving by over 57% and decreases the interactive delay by over 66%, while maintaining a level of perceptual video quality. The experiment results show that the proposed VA-PRTS improves the quality of the viewer experience for interactive panoramic video streaming services. The development results show that the VA-PRTS has highly practical real-field feasibility.

We propose a distributed node selection (DNS) scheme that guarantees quality of service (QoS) of the scalable video broadcasting system over wireless channels. The proposed DNS scheme chooses the destination node based on the SVC layer information, and it selects the best relay from a set of competing candidate nodes by considering two factors: 1) wireless channel conditions between destination and relay candidates and 2) scalable video's layer information. In simulations, the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of quality gains, complexity (overhead) and applicability was examined.

This paper presents a new span-based dependency chart parsing algorithm that models the relations between the left and right dependents of a head. Such relations cannot be modeled in existing span-based algorithms, despite their popularity in dependency corpora. We address this problem through ternary-span combination during the subtree derivation. By modeling the relations between the left and right dependents of a head, our proposed algorithm provides a better capability of coordination disambiguation when the conjunction is annotated as the head of the left and right conjuncts. This eventually leads to state-of-the-art performance of dependency parsing on the Chinese data of the CoNLL shared task.

For the panoramic video streaming service, this letter proposes a visual perception-based view navigation trick mode (VP-VNTM) that reduces bandwidth requirements by adjusting the quality of transmitting views in accordance with the view navigation velocity without decreasing the user's visual sensitivity. Experiments show that the proposed VP-VNTM reduces bandwidth requirements by more than 44%.

This paper proposes a method of providing scalable video service to multiple users by managing resources with Adaptive Bargaining Solution. The Adaptive Bargaining Solution, which is a mixture of two bargaining solutions, Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) and Kalai-Smorodinsky Bargaining Solution (KSBS), are the method of allocating resource in order to guarantee system efficiency and fairness, respectively. This paper shows how to exploit the merits of both solutions by applying different bargaining solutions according to time varying total resources and different rate-quality performance of SVC content. Not only the minimum quality, but also the system efficiency can be guaranteed at an adequate level. In addition, we propose an adaptive bargaining power determination method which solves unfairness according to the available resources varying and difference of rate-quality performance between scalable video contents.

In this paper, we propose a graph-based dependency parsing model using dynamic features. The dynamic features, which are derived from the partial tree during bottom-up chart parsing, play an important role in finding the correct heads. Based on the beneficial aspects of the head-final property of Korean, we suggest a variant of the CYK parsing algorithm with an O(n3) complexity which has the ability to search for the maximum spanning tree (MST) from all projective trees. Compared to Eisner's algorithm, this algorithm is time-efficient in parsing all other head-final languages. We also explain why the graph-based approaches are seldom attempted in parsing morphologically rich languages (MRLs) and suggest a morpheme-level dependency representation as a solution. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method on the KAIST corpus using two discriminative online learning methods (the averaged perceptron algorithm and passive-aggressive algorithm) and show that the trained parser achieves the best reported parsing ac...

Silicon crystallization is very important in many industrial processes, and it is desirable that maker should have a low cost manufacturing and high efficiency for producing semiconductors. One semiconductor process is the Czochralski (CZ) silicon melt flow and this CZ process has an excellent manufacturing feature and is utilized for silicon solidification. But CZ silicon melt flow is very complicated and this defect can be erased by the numerical analysis of the melt flow. In this paper, the Optimum solidification conditions were shown for crucible rotation. This is because the solidification conditions depend on crucible rotation under the cooling process and the solidification conditions were investigated on heat generation rate on crucible wall and rotation by using numerical analysis. For the numerical validations, we verified with experimental data and showed good agreement with current numerical results. The solidification regions are classified with crystal rotation and crucible rotation. For the heat generation rate, qw, the optimum heat generation rate was estimated for 20 W/cm2 and when crystal rotation and crucible rotation is 5 rpm, the maximum solidification length can be obtained and has a stable solidification.

Thermo vapor compressor (TVC) is simply a steam ejector employed in multi-effect desalination (MED) system. A greater understanding of flow phenomena inside an ejector is important for improving ejector performance. We conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation into the flow structure inside a steam ejector. The study focused on the effects of operating pressure and ejector geometry on the flow structure and performance of the steam ejector. The CFD results were verified with available experimental data. The angle of the converging duct considered the geometrical parameter in this study was varied as 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5 and 4.5°. The ejector with a converging duct angle of 1° has the best performance.

In this paper, a cross-layer resource allocation mechanism is proposed for wireless multimedia service. In particular, a game theory based on quality of service (QoS) for multimedia users is introduced to deal with the fairness of network resource allocation in wireless networks. Moreover, the channel states of wireless users are additionally regarded under the cross-layer design in WiMAX environment. In details, the bargaining solution is adopted to discover the efficient and fair resource allocation strategy for multimedia service in considering QoS in the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the channel states in the carrier-to-interface ratio (CINR). The proposed mechanism is illustrated and evaluated by simulation results of transmitting video sequences in WiMAX environment.

This paper proposes a method that extracts term pairs satisfying is-a relations or part-of relations from a mass corpus using pairs of patterns sharing a term. We extracted reliable single patterns and pattern pairs using some term pairs that satisfy the target relation, and extracted reliable term pairs using these patterns. The extracted term pairs were used to extract new single patterns and pattern pairs, and we repeated these steps several times. The proposed method achieved 71.5% accuracy in detecting is-a relations and 88% accuracy in detecting part-of relations, and extracted 144 new is-a relations and 85 new part-of relations which could not be extracted using single patterns. These results are useful in constructing an ontology and a thesaurus because these language knowledge bases consist mainly of is-a relations and part-of relations.

Constructing an ontology using a mass corpus begins with an automatic semantic relation extraction. A general method regards words appearing between terms as patterns which are used to extract semantic relations. However, previous approaches consider only one sentence to extract a pattern, so they cannot extract semantic relations for terms in different sentences. This paper proposes a semantic relation extraction method using pairs of patterns sharing a term, where each pattern is extracted using one of the seed term pair satisfying the target relation. In our experiments, we achieved the accuracy 83.75% improving previous methods by 7.5% in is- relation and the accuracy 83.75% improved by 5% in part-of relation. We also present a possibility of improving the recall by the relative recall.

Recently, the interest in falling film evaporation method has increased as an efficient method for seawater desalination. In this method, the flow characteristics of the falling film are very important issue to make the system highly efficient. Therefore. this study is undertaken to investigate numerically the falling film thickness Numerical simulation is performed using FLUENT3 6 26, a commercial CFD code The flow conditions and falling film thickness are reported for file velocity inlet range from 0 4 m/s to 0 7 m/s in which the Reynolds number vary from 400 to 700 The effect of mass-flow rate on the film flow characteristics is investigated

A thermo vapor compressor is simply a steam ejector employed in a multi effect desalination process. A greater understanding of flow phenomena inside an ejector plays an important role in its performance improvement. In this paper, CFD investigation has been carried out to study the flow structure inside a steam ejector. This research revealed the influence of operating pressures and ejector geometries on the flow structure and the performance of a steam ejector. The CFD results were verified with available experimental data. The angle of the converging duct as the geometry parameter was varied as 0°, 0.5°, 1°, 2°, 3.5° and 4.5°. The best performance was obtained by the ejector with converging duct angle of 1°.

In this study, CFD analysis of air-heating vaporizers was conducted. A longitudinally finned vertical pipe was used to represent the air-heating vaporizer in the CFD model. Nitrogen gas was used as the working fluid inside the vertical pipe, and it was made to flow upward. Ambient air, which was the heat source, was assumed to contain no water vapor. To validate the CFD results, the convective heat transfer coefficients inside the pipe, hi-c, derived from the CFD results were first compared with the heat transfer coefficients inside the pipe, hi-p, which were derived from the Perkins correlation. Second, the convection heat transfer coefficients outside the pipe, ho-c, derived from the CFD results were compared with the convection heat transfer coefficients, ho-a, which were derived from an analytical solution of the energy equation. Third, the CFD results of both the ambient-air flow pattern and temperature were observed to determine whether they were their reasonability. It was found that all validations showed good results. Subsequently, the heat transfer coefficients for natural convection outside the pipe, ho-c, were used to determine the Nusselt number outside the pipe, Nuo.. This was then correlated with the Rayleigh number, Ra. The results show that Ra and Nuo have a proportional relationship in the range of 2.7414×1012 ≤ Ra ≤ 2.8263×1013. Based on this result, a relation for the Nusselt number outside the pipe, Nuo, was proposed.

Speech act tagging is an important step in various dialogue applications, which recognizes speaker's intentions expressed in natural language utterances. Previous approaches such as rule-based and statistics-based methods utilize the speech acts of previous utterances and sentence features of the current utterance. This paper proposes a method that determines speech acts of the current utterance using the speech acts of the following utterances as well as previous ones. Using the features of following utterances yields the accuracy 95.27%, improving previous methods by 3.65%. Moreover, sentence features of the previous utterances are employed to maximally utilize the information available to the current utterance. By applying the proper probability model for each speech act, final accuracy of 97.97% is achieved.

Air-heating vaporizers are usually used to regasify LNG at satellite areas because of the small demand for natural gas there. The common type of air heating vaporizer which exists in the market is the longitudinally finned type with 8 fins, 50mm fin length and 2mm fin thickness. To contribute in developing an efficient air-heating vaporizer, experiment on finned type air-heating vaporizer using 8 fins, 50mm fin length with 2mm fin thickness (8fin50le)-which exist in the market-and 4 fins, 75mm fin length with 2mm fin thickness (4fin75le), which is proposed, were conducted. Then, both types of vaporizers are compared. The experiments were conducted in one hour by varying the ambient condition and the length of the vaporizer. The ambient air was controlled so that it has the same condition (same temperature, humidity and air velocity) with air condition in every season available and the length was varied 4000mm, 6000mm and 8000mm for each type of vaporizer. Additional experiment with longer duration, i.e., 4 hours and in a single room condition was conducted to validate the previous result. In this experiment, the main aspects in analyzing the characteristics of the air heating vaporizer are the inlet-outlet enthalpy difference and the outlet temperature of the working fluid. LN 2 is used to substitute LNG for safety reasons. The results show that the characteristics of the finned type 4fin75le vaporizer are comparable to the finned type 8fin50le vaporizer.

This paper explains about numerical modeling of gas flow passing through a snubber, pulsation damper, in a hydrogen gas compressor system. The verification of the preliminary model was done successfully by comparing it with experimental results. Numerical analysis for various snubber dimensions is the focus of this present study. Thirty models of snubber were created by varying snubber height and buffer angle, and then simulated with the real working condition of a hydrogen gas compressing system. The CFD code package used was a Star CD with transient analysis and k-ε / high Reynolds number as the turbulence model. The study was done by comparing pressure loss and pressure pulsation, since these two parameters are the objective functions in snubber optimization. The best snubber is the one that has the minimum pressure loss and pressure pulsation. Numerical result shows that the pressure loss grows with the increment of snubber volume. To the contrary, however, the pressure pulsation is decreased. Determining the buffer angle as the adjusted variable, the minimum pressure loss occurred at 30°. But pressure pulsation trend was escalating.

Air-heating vaporizer usually is used to regasify LNG at satellite areas because of the small demand of natural gas there. The common type of air heating vaporizer which exists in the market is the longitudinally finned type with 8 fins, 55 mm fin length and 2mm fin thickness. To contribute in developing an efficient air-heating vaporizer, experiment on finned type air-heating vaporizer using 8 fins, 50mm(fin length) with 2 mm(fin thickness) which exist in the market and 4 fins, 75 mm(fin length) with 2 mm(fin thickness), which is proposed, were conducted. Then, both types of vaporizers are compared. The experiments were conducted in one hour by varying the ambient condition and the length of the vaporizer. The ambient air was controlled so that it has the same temperature, humidity and air velocity with air condition in every season available and the length was varied 4000 mm, 6000 mm and 8000 mm for each type of vaporizer. Additional experiment with longer duration, i.e. In this experiment, the main aspects in analyzing the characteristics of the air heating vaporizer the inlet-outlet enthalpy difference and the outlet temperature of the working fluid. is used to substitute LNG because of safety reason. The results show that the characteristics of the finned type 4fin75le vaporizer are comparable to finned type 8fin50le vaporizer.

Heat exchanger is an essential component in complex engineering systems related to energy transformation industrial scenarios. Plate heat exchanger (PHE) is an important part of a condensing or evaporating system. Among many of factor which should concentrate on, the heat transfer and pressure drop is most important part during sizing and rating the performance of PHE. One of common assumption in basic heat exchanger design theory is that fluid be distributed uniformly at the inlet each fluid side and throughout the core. However, in practice, flow maldistribution is more common and can significantly reduce the desired heat exchanger performance. The optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of the heat transfer area, subject to constraints on the number of channels, pressure drop, flow velocity and thermal effectiveness, as well as the exchanger thermal and hydraulic model. Nowadays PHE widely use in different industries such as chemical, food and pharmaceutical process and refrigeration. However in present work PHE applied in the fresh water generator system. Fresh water generators or desalinate are installed in ship to convert the seawater from sea to fresh water using the heat from the engines. This paper serves as a starting for further research. Thus, extensive experiment and analysis is required to study the thermal and fluid flow characteristics of PHE. h : convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2 ·℃) k : thermal conductivity (W/m 2 ·℃)

The design of optimum air-heating vaporizer is needed to compensate for the low heat capacity of air as its heat source. In this study, numerical analysis of air heating vaporizer is conducted. A longitudinally-finned vertical-pipe was used as CFD model to represent the air-heating vaporizer. Cryogenic nitrogen was used as the working fluid and the ambient air was assumed to contain no water vapor. The convective heat transfer coefficient inside the pipe (hi) which is derived from CFD analysis has a good agreement with the convective heat transfer coefficient derived from Perkins' Nusselt correlation. Then, the convective heat transfer coefficient outside the pipe (h o ) was calculated and then it was continued to find the relation between the Rayleigh (Ra) number and Nusselt number outside the pipe, Nu o . The results show that the Ra number and Nu o number have proportional trend in the range of Raleigh number of 1.3674×10¹³≤Ra≤2.8343≤10¹³ and then the Nusselt number correlation outside the pipe, Nu o , was proposed.