混合式教学已经成为国内医学院校课程建设和教学改革的重要方向.源自高校课程的慕课已经覆盖了各学科专业的核心课程和通识课程、基础课程,为国内高校开展混合式教学带来便利条件.医学院校开展混合式教学的挑战依然是教师教学理念的转变和以学生为中心的教学设计.医学课程数量多、内容庞杂,可以根据医学课程的特点将课程分为三种类型,不同类型的课程采用不同的混合式教学设计.对于混合式教学的效果及其影响因素的研究也在开展,并有了初步的结果,但需要进一步系统和深入.

随着信息化技术的发展,山东大学基础医学院和齐鲁医学院对医学相关专业本科生课程在考核和评价方面进行了改革.文章不仅介绍了所开发的计算机化考核评价系统的组成及功能,并对系统在几十门课程的具体实施方法及应用效果进行了介绍和探讨.

临床医学"5+3"一体化人才培养是标准化、规范化临床医学人才培养体系的重要组成部分,充分契合国家"逐步建立院校教育、毕业后教育和继续教育有效衔接的临床医学人才培养体系"的改革精髓,是培养高水平高素质临床医师的有益探索.本文利用一体化理论,阐述了临床医学"5+3"一体化人才培养的教育内涵,并从组织管理、培养目标、培养过程、考核体系和教师培训等方面进行了一体化探索,初步构建了临床医学"5+3"一体化人才培养体系,并分析了构建过程中发现的一些问题,对于高等医学院校进一步完善和加强临床医学"5+3"一体化人才培养体系具有一定的参考价值.

以线上和线下相结合的混合式教学模式已经成为高校课程改革的主要方向,但医学课程由于其本身的特点,改革存在瓶颈和一些困难,特别是医学核心课程,困难表现在教师、学生、教育资源、网络和政策环境等诸多方面,正是这些困难将有助于我们抓住机遇,有针对性地克服,促进医学课程的信息化和现代化发展.

Objective To investigate the influences of lymphostatic encephalopathy(LE) on the autonomic nervous system.Methods The model of LE was established by occluding lymphatic vessels and removing both shallow and deep cervical lymph nodes in Wistar rats.The rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation(SHAM) group and the LE group,40 rats in each group.The electrocardiogram(ECG)(lead II) of rats was synchronously recorded by the PowerLab system on postoperative days 1,7,14 and 21.Heart rate variability(HRV) was analyzed with ECG signals.Brain morphology of the rostral ventrolateral medullas(RVLM) was observed by a light microscope and an electron microscope.eNOS protein expression in RVLM was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the SHAM group,HRV was significantly increased,while HR was reduced(P0.05).The vagus nerve modulation was enhanced,necrosis of neurons appeared in RVLM,permeability of capillaries was increased,and brain tissue edema occurred.Ultrastructural observation showed neuronal apoptosis and myelin sheath disintegration.Protein expression of eNOS was significantly decreased.Conclusion LE induces injury to the cerebral tissue and autonomic nervous regulation,and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of eNOS expression.

This work is directed at developing a virtual instrument system as an accessorial diagnostic instrument for laryngeal diseases. Programmed with LabWindows/CVI, the system combines the voice acoustic analyzing function with the glottal image measuring function. The voice acoustic analyzing system can sample, store and replay vocal signals; can extract and analyze parameters, including fundamental frequency (F0), frequency perturbation quotient (FPQ), amplitude perturbation quotient(APQ), harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), jitter frequency (JF), Shimmer; and can do 3D sound graph analysis. The glottal image analyzing system can sample and store the image observed by the laryngostroboscope; can display any phase in one cycle of the vibration of the vocal cords or a slow and continuous movement of vibrating vocal cords; can snap and save the diagnostic frame of image; and can extract the parameters of the image such as the length and area of the glottis, the length and area of the vocal cords and the diseased part.

This article probed into a system for measuring blood flow velocity in microcirculation based on the image processing module of Labview and brought forward a method for measuring blood flow velocity in microcirculation without the request of running after a given RBC.

To comparatively stduy the relativity of measurements of blood pressure by non-invasive(NIBP) and invasive carotid arterial methods in healthy rats.Systolic blood pressure was measured using tail-cuff and carotid arterial methods orderly in every rat grouped according to sex and age. The non-invasive tail-cuff provides higher SBP compared with(invasive) carotid arterial method in every group(P0.001).There are remarkable linear correlation and statistical signification(P0.01).During the experiments of conscious animals,the SBP parameter can be obtained availably and conveniently,and wound stress can be reduced with non-invasive blood pressure.

To obtain more related data from the Morris experiment which is popular in the brain research field,a system based on LabVIEW was designed for image gathering.This article introduced the method to paint the moving track based on identifying the object's center and calculate the rate and distance,which makes the Morris experiment more exact and reliable.

由于SAS系统强大完善的功能,用它进行医学数据的统计分析是非常理想的.我们从20世纪90年代初开始,就给本校医学研究生讲授SAS课程,取得了很好的效果.

十二导同步心电图是指对十二导联的心电信号同时采集、放大并同步描记.它较之以往的心电图有明显的优越性[1].

To explore the method to develop medical multimedia couseware,this article selects the contents centered on the outline of teaching and materials according to the characters of multimedia couseware to construct a reasonable structure by applying Autherware.The anesthesia operating methods includes the basic theories and methods.It has a harmonious interface colors,and its words connect with pictures very well.The two interaction methods include buttons and hot spot are reasonable in designing and convenient in using.The experiments indicate that this multimedia couseware is a good assistant method in medical teaching.

A waveform annotating program has been designed by virtual instrument programming language-LabWindows/CVI. Using this program, expert can annotate the ECG waveform in the 12-lead synchronous ECG waveform database which we have created. The parameters of annotation include time limit, amplitude and shapes of P, QRS, etc. Compared with the manual annotating method, annotating with computer is more convenient, efficient and accurate.

Based on the data of American Visible Human Project,Rhino software can be used to make heart model,and VC and Direct 3D are used to realize 3D display.The result shows that the heart model made by this way is more realistic and can be controlled easily.It can be used in the research of the location and visible display of myocardial ischemia.

To research the correlation of distance and angle with the image of laryngostroboscope and the degree of their correlation. Methods: This research measured the area and length of the image of a same size object from different distance and angle was measured by the larynx dynamic observing system based on the virtual instruments. The results showed that when the size of object was fixed, the area and length of the image of the laryngostroboscope is obviously related with measure distance, and it is not related with metrical angle.

The establishment of 12-lead synchronous ECG database based on virtual instrument is introdued. The hardware consists of a synchronous ECG signals amplifier, a 12-bit DAQ card, and a portable computer. Program of the software is written with LabWindows/CVI. Altogether, 180 ECG data are acquired in the database. The establishment of the database is useful for the automatization of ECG analysis and diagnosis.

This article introduced the design of a waveform database of 12-lead synchronous ECG and the establishment of the database with 180 data.The establishment of the database will be useful for the automatization of ECG analysis and diagnosis of our country.

本文介绍了盲人智能探路手杖的研究.该系统由单片机控制,采用两只超声波传感器的探测模式,对盲人行进路上的路况进行探测和分析,并针对不同的路况发出相应的提示信息,以达到辅助盲人安全行走的目的.

探讨了七年制医学生医学信号检测分析课程的内容和虚拟仪器新概念在实验教学中的作用,介绍了虚拟仪器实验系统的构成、特点和应用情况,讨论了在现代化教学方法改革中应用虚拟仪器新技术的重要性.

The system devised by ourselves is used to detect the Heart Sound(HS) signal. The HS data was sampled at the precardium, and Lead I of the ECG was recorded simultaneously to label the heart sound. Using wavelet transform and timefrequency analysis method, the S3 and S4 of normal children, normal adults, normal elder and old subjects with Coronary Heart Diseases(CHD) were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that all normal persons has S3 and S4, and the significant difference(p=0.0164) was found in main peak frequencies of S3 between normal elder and old group with CHD. It shows that S3 is helpful in diagnosis the cardiovascular diseases.