小麦是重要的粮食作物,盐胁迫严重影响小麦的生长发育,小麦的耐盐机制尚不完全清楚.本研究以济麦19为材料,采用NaCl处理和时序RNA测序技术(time course RNA-seq)分析小麦根系响应高盐胁迫的分子机制.与盐胁迫0 h相比,不同处理时间下小麦根中响应盐胁迫的差异表达基因总数为5526个.通过Gene Ontology(GO)和Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)分析发现,在盐胁迫处理较早时期(2 h与6 h),差异表达基因在植物激素信号转导、氨基酸代谢、次级代谢等类别中显著富集.盐胁迫处理6h之后,参与逆境应答过程的差异表达基因开始富集.随着胁迫时间的延长,对植物伤害加剧,与高分子配合物、DNA构象变化、蛋白质-DNA结构变化相关的差异表达基因在盐处理48 h和72 h时富集.参与信号传导,抗氧化胁迫,渗透胁迫,离子平衡和氨基酸合成的多个基因在盐胁迫处理不同时期都有差异表达,其中后三者多为盐胁迫诱导表达的差异表达基因.这些结果为小麦耐盐分子机制的研究提供了有价值的信息.

以济宁学院校园中的白玉兰和二乔玉兰为材料,观察了两种玉兰开花期、花部形态特征等差异特点,并对它们的花粉萌发特性进行了比较.试验结果表明:从总体看,白玉兰比二乔玉兰的开花期早;二乔玉兰比白玉兰的花期略长;白玉兰比二乔玉兰花的个体略大;两种玉兰花开放的四个时期花器官干鲜重变化的趋势大体相同.将两种玉兰的新鲜花粉放在不同蔗糖和硼酸配比的培养基中,置于恒温培养箱中分别培养2h,4h,6h,8h后发现,两种玉兰的花粉萌发和花粉管生长状况均在6h达到最好;白玉兰在蔗糖10g/L,硼酸200mg/L浓度下花粉萌发率最高,达到44.10％.二乔玉兰在蔗糖10g/L,硼酸300mg/L浓度下花粉萌发率最高,达到41.00％.

针对2020年春季各个学校不能正常开学上课的实际情况,总结了进行线上和翻转课堂教学的经验和做法,以及线上教学的教学平台、开展过程和心得.结果表明:积极开展线上和翻转课堂教学,可以取得与线下教学一样的效果,可以继续推广线上线下混合的教学模式.

为研究大豆与根瘤菌之间的共生匹配性、筛选具有应用潜力的大豆根瘤菌,在黄淮海地区主栽大豆品种徐豆24的种植田中捕捉、分离得到32株根瘤菌,筛选与徐豆24共生匹配的高效根瘤菌株,再通过田间回接试验,研究施肥及接种高效根瘤菌对徐豆24产量及品质的影响.经rpoB基因序列比较鉴定,这些根瘤菌分别分属于Sinorhibizobium fredii、Bradyrhizobium elkanii和Bradyrhizobium japonicum种群.其中,S.fredii的占有率达到了75％.菌株共生匹配筛选结果确定S.fredii 3为与徐豆24相匹配的高效菌株.田间回接试验结果进一步证明S.fredii3是试验地区的优势种,M2处理(施底肥、接种S.fredii3、不追肥)的根瘤数、根瘤鲜重、产量和蛋白含量均最高.根瘤数和根瘤鲜重与产量和蛋白含量均呈正相关,其中,根瘤鲜重与产量达到了显著性正相关.土壤有效硼含量与S.fredii的群落分布的相关性最大,有效铁和有效钼含量是影响B.elkanii群落结构分布的最重要的理化因子.研究表明,S.fredii 3菌株可作为黄淮海地区徐豆24的高效接种剂.

为优化枸杞多糖超声波辅助提取工艺并比较不同产地枸杞药材的质量差异,以多糖提取率为指标,在料液比、回流时间、超声时间3个单因素基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验进行提取工艺的优化研究.同时,测定不同产地枸杞子水分、总灰分、浸出物含量,按优化后的工艺提取并测定多糖提取率,比较抗氧化活性,作为药材质量评价项目.结果表明:超声波辅助提取枸杞多糖的最佳工艺条件为料液比1 g:50 mL,回流时间120 min,超声时间70 min.同时,宁夏枸杞多糖提取率更高,为21.39％,总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除率及羟自由基清除率均高于河北枸杞,为枸杞多糖的开发利用提供了试验依据.

泰山地处山东省中部,总面积为426 km2,有较为丰富的攀缘植物资源.通过调查统计,初步确认该区共有攀缘植物26科48属94种(包括种下等级),其中双子叶植物22科44属87种,单子叶植物4科4属7种.根据对泰山攀缘植物科属种的地理成分分析的结果,指出本区攀缘植物区系具有以下特征:1)地理成分复杂;2)具有暖温带植物的区系特征;3)科属种分类级别愈高,热带性亲缘愈强.

Practical training was introduced into plant tissue cultivation experimental course.The curriculum design, the teaching method and the evaluation of teaching effect in experimental course under practical training were explorated and practiced,the curriculum system under practical training was established basically .The new system is better than the traditional system, and about 81.67% trainee were satisfied with it.

Taking Euryale feroxleaves and stem segments as explants,MS as culture medium,the additional 2,4-D or NAA and 6-BA or KT,according to the principle of orthogonal design,using factor analysis and cluster analysis,the effect of different ratio of hormone on rapid propagation of Gordon Euryale step into seedlings was studied.The results showed that the best hormone matchings was MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 2.0 mg/L,others were MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D 0.2mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L,MS+2,4-D 1.0mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L,MS+NAA 1.5mg/L+6-BA 1.0mg/L.

Stern segments with a single bud of Euryale ferox were used as explants in culture in vitro and for rapid propagation.The results indicated that MS+ 6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/ L was a suitable medium for shoot multiplication,and the best medium for rooting was MS+ 6-BA(0.1mg/L)+NAA(0.1mg/L) used in proper concentrations promoted shoot multiplication but inhibited stem elongation.Combined application of 6-BA and NAA promoted the elongation of the stem segments.

The resources of seed plants in Qufu urban and suburban were surveyed and classified. Finally, the suggestions on the application of wild vegetables and garden plants was proposed. The result was showed: these plants belonged to 63 families, 152 genera and 193 species or varieties and they were classified into 3 categories: wild vegetables (21 families and 38 species ), landscape plants (48 families, 83 genera, 99 species or varieties), weeds (27 families, 68 genera and 84 species or varieties). The boundaries between the three kinds of plants were not absolute. Part of plants belonged to the weeds and to the wild vegetables (29 species) which accounted for 76.32% in the wild vegetable resources; part of plants belonged to the garden plants and to the wild vegetables (11 species) which accounted for 28.95% in the wild vegetable resources.

Shandong Province is located in the East of China,have an area of 1.53 ×105 km2.It is rich in the resources of wild plants.The paper aims at analyzing the areal~types of family of wild seed plants in Shandong Province by means of investigating in the wild field and looking up and arranging and identificating the specimens from several related specimen room.The results obtained are as follows:(1)In Shandong Province flora comes from the ancient land on the geologic cosmopolitan,belongs to north China flora,part of the wild distribution plant 147 families,diverse species;(2) the level of composition,the central complex,distribution types diversification,has the obvious tropical blood;(3) ancient primitive type is not rich,lack of unique families,the special phenomenon is not obvious;(4) for families of the evolution of conservative,families cannot completely geographical elements reflects the essential feature of the flora,want to combine the geographical composition of and kind of comprehensive analysis.

攀援植物是进行垂直绿化的主要植物材料。文章介绍了高速公路边坡垂直绿化攀援植物的选择与配置。

A survey has been made of the species composition and ecological and biological habits of climbing plants in Matoushan Natural Reserve in Jiangxi Province.A total of 222 climber species belonging to 40 families and 92 genera are identified.The approaches for the application of these climbers in vertical greening are discussed in this paper and some problems should be noted in the process of development and utilization.

植物营养生长与生殖生长是相互促进和相互制约的关系,是对立统一规律在植物生长中的具体表现形式之一。主要运用辩证唯物主义的对立统一规律解释这一矛盾统一体的深刻内涵。

In the field practice of Botany,by teaching origin and meaning of the genus name and the characteristics of specific epithet,let the students learn the characteristics and growth environment of plant,it effectively promoted the teaching of the field practice. According to the specific example,the study discussed the application of Latin in field practice of Botany with a view of exploring new teaching method of the field practice of botany.

Botany Latin is the universal language international botany circle employs for plant taxa description,classification and naming,but the majority of students take no interest in it.As 60 percent of English and Latin words are homologous,there are many new methods and ways of taking advantage of English to promote botany field practice teaching.Homology of English and Latin words has practical function and significance for botany field practice teaching.

借助崂山实训基地的优势条件,开展了在新形势下植物学野外实习教学模式的研究,筛选出切实可行的实习线路和实习时间,在实习中注意用现代的多媒体技术数码相机和摄像机多拍摄实习地的植物图片,利用现代化教育手段制作成实习多媒体课件,克服了野外教学短暂性、季节性的困难,使崂山真正成为一个拥有先进教学模式的理想野外教学场所。

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of total triterpenoids from Hypodematium sinense.METHODS:With 5% vanillin-glacial acetic acid solution and 72% sulfuric acid as chromogenic agent and the content of total tripenoids as index,using single factor experiment and orthogonal test,the optimal extraction condition was determined.RESULTS:The optimal conditions were solid-liquid ratio 1:12, 60% ethanol concentration, and ultrasonic extraction time of 60 min at 60 degrees C.CONCLUSION:The extraction technology is feasible and can be used as extraction process of total triterpenoids from Hypodematium sinense.

Laoshan is located in the North-east of Shandong Province,between the latitude 34°25′-38°23′N and longitude 114°36′-122°43′E with an area of 386 km2.It is rich in the resources of wild climbing plants.The paper aims at analyzing the areal-types of families and genera of wild herbaceous climbing plants in Laoshan by means of investigating in the wild field and looking up and arranging and identificating the specimens from several related specimen room.The results obtained are as follows:There are 16 families21 genera 36 species and varieties of wild herbaceous climbing plants exist in Laoshan;The areal-types of flora of wild herbaceous climbing plants in Laoshan has the features of richness in species,complexity in floristic elements,diversity in types,abundance in Tropical elements and so on.