Objective:To explore the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac rehabilitation in patients after heart transplantation.Methods:According to the search terms, the search was conducted on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2022. After 2 researchers screened the article, extracted information, and evaluated the quality, a Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.Results:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 English articles were selected, including 191 patients in the intervention group and 212 patients in the control group, with a total of 403 patients. Meta-analysis showed that during cardiac rehabilitation exercise in patients after heart transplantation, HIIT could improve peak oxygen uptake in cardiopulmonary function exercise testing [ MD=1.98, 95% confidence interval ( CI) (0.55, 3.41), P=0.007], peak heart rate in chronotropic responses [ MD=6.93, 95% CI (2.62, 11.24), P=0.002], and muscle exercise ability [ MD=337.18, 95% CI (12.02, 62.35), P=0.04]. There was no statistically significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and respiratory exchange rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). A subgroup analysis of peak oxygen uptake was conducted based on the intervention period and the start time of rehabilitation exercise after heart transplantation. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in peak oxygen uptake between the intervention group and the control group when the intervention period was ≤ 12 weeks or the start time was > 6 weeks ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:HIIT effectively improves the peak oxygen uptake, peak heart rate, and muscle exercise activity of patients after heart transplantation. HIIT has a significant impact on peak oxygen uptake when the rehabilitation exercise start time after heart transplantation is > 6 weeks or the intervention period is ≤ 12 weeks.

目的 探讨心脏移植患者集束化护理方案及其效果评价.方法 选择2015年6月—2017年12月武汉大学人民医院心血管外科收治的25例心脏移植患者为对照组,选择2018年1月—2019年4月本院心血管外科收治的38例心脏移植患者为观察组.对照组采用心脏移植常规护理方法,观察组采用基于循证的集束化护理方案,比较两组患者术后机械通气时间、重症监护时间、住院时间、感染发生率,分析集束化护理对心脏移植患者的应用效果.结果 与对照组相比,观察组术后机械通气时间〔(7.53±2.75)h比(14.92±12.44)h〕、重症监护时间〔(4.26±1.71)d比(6.21±1.19)d〕及住院时间〔(18.05±4.1)d比(20.79±7.03)d〕均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).两组的感染发生率均为0％,数据比较无统计学意义.结论 在心脏移植患者护理管理中,应用集束化护理干预策略,能缩短机械通气时间、重症监护时间及住院时间.

目的 探讨心脏移植术后患者出现精神障碍的原因并分析护理对策.方法 回顾性分析55例接受心脏移植手术患者的临床资料,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对术后患者进行评估,分析患者术后出现精神障碍的原因,总结相关护理对策.结果 55例患者中1例术后出现幻觉、被害妄想及攻击行为,1例术后神志未清醒,两例均无法完成SAS评估;其余53例患者SAS评分为(47.3±16.7)分.19例患者表现出不同程度的紧张、焦虑或抑郁等,其中轻度焦虑9例,中度焦虑4例,重度焦虑6例.心脏移植术后患者精神障碍发生率为36.36％(20/55).结论 接受心脏移植手术的患者术后精神障碍发生率较高,护理人员应及时评估患者的临床表现,给予针对性的护理干预,以促进患者生理及心理的康复.