Aspidistra huashuishanensis, a new species from Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to A. daqingshanensis in shape and color of leaves and flowers, but can be distinguished by urceolate perianth tube, perianth lobes suberect or slightly recurved, purplish red, ovate-triangular, acuminate or obtuse at apex, and upper surface of stigma with dense small papillae. The new species is currently only known from the type locality in northern Guangdong. Detailed colour plates and data on morphology, ecology, phenology and distribution of the new species are also provided.

A new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae), V. orthocalyx, from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to V. brachyandrum and V. usneoides, but differs from the former by its shorter petioles, lateral veins flat or slightly raised adaxially and inconspicuous abaxially, tertiary veins inconspicuous on both sides, and red corolla, and from the latter by its much larger leaf blades, more pairs of lateral veins, glabrous to subglabrous hypanthium and filaments, and longer pedicels. The floral morphology of V. arbutoides is described for the first time based on living plant photos and dried specimens. The new record of V. brachyandrum in Myanmar is also reported. Colour plates and taxonomic notes of these species are provided in this study.

A new species of Ericaceae, Agapetes lichengii, from Xizang Autonomous Region, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically most similar to A. pentastigma, but differs by having leaf blade with an obtuse or slightly auriculate leaf base, corolla with a constricted basal part and V-shaped stripes, spurless anthers and stigma without obvious gap between crenae. Detailed description, colour plates, and taxonomic notes on the new species are provided.

Vaccinium fangianum, a new species of Ericaceae from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. This species was previously misidentified as Vaccinium ardisioides. Morphologically, the new species is similar to Vaccinium ardisioides in its epiphytic habit, pseudo-whorled leaves with entire blade margins, and axillary racemose inflorescences but differs in having wider leaf blades, a deeply lobed calyx limb, a yellowish-green corolla that is villous internally, and spurless anthers with tubules ca. 1.7× as long as thecae. Detailed descriptions, analytical photographic plates, conservation status information, and a distribution map of the two species are also provided. In addition, V. rubescens was confirmed to be a synonym of V. ardisioides in this study.

Pseudosasa nanunica, a bamboo endemic to Guangdong and Hunan provinces, China, has a complicated taxonomic history due to lack of information on its floral morphology. It was initially described as a member of Indocalamus, and later successively transferred to Pseudosasa, Arundinaria and Acidosasa by different researchers. With the newly collected reproductive materials, we confirmed that this species is characterized by having branch complement with 1–3 branches per node, branch base appressed to the culm, narrowly trullate culm bud, panicle-like unit of inflorescence of the synflorescence and each floret with three stamens and three stigmas, which match well with the diagnostic characters of Pseudosasa. After comparison with similar congeneric species, we concluded that it is a distinct species of Pseudosasa. A supplementary description on its floral morphology as well as two color plates and a diagram of its synflorescence is also provided.

The three-branched bamboos (Arundinarieae) form a taxonomically difficult group due to recent rapid radiation and frequent hybridization, with generic and species delimitations of many taxa problematic. Indosasa solearis, described from North Vietnam based on flowering materials, was later transferred to Sinobambusa. But its taxonomic position was controversial due to limited vegetative data. After a detailed morphological study of this bamboo at its type locality, we found that the overall morphology of this species is surprisingly similar to I. parvifolia and I. jinpingensis. Thus, we conducted morphological and phylogenomic analyses to ascertain the taxonomic position of I. solearis and its relationship with those two species. Morphological examination confirmed I. solearis exhibits diagnostic characters of Indosasa, like leptomorph rhizomes, diffuse culms, strongly and asymmetrically raised branch supra-nodal ridges, 4–9 foliage leaves per ultimate branch, pseudospikelets, and each floret with six stamens and three stigmas. No essential difference was found among the three Indosasa species both on macro- and micromorphology. Phylogenies based on single-copy orthologous nuclear gene datasets and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data strongly support I. solearis as an Indosasa member, closely related to I. parvifolia and I. jinpingensis. Based on the combined morphological and molecular evidence, we confirmed that I. solearis belongs to Indosasa, and is conspecific with I. parvifolia and I. jinpingensis. We therefore reinstate I. solearis and synonymize I. parvifolia and I. jinpingensis with it. Furthermore, our gene flow analyses by SNP data revealed the hybrid origin of the genus Sinobambusa, with genomic signatures suggesting an ancient cross between Indosasa and Pleioblastus. This finding highlights the reticulate evolutionary history in the three-branched bamboos.

Sasarubrovaginata is transferred to Yushania based on morphological and molecular evidence. The lectotype for S.rubrovaginata is designated. Besides, a revised description of this species and a key to the four Yushania species distributed in Cenwanlaoshan Mountain are also provided.

Agapetes hongheensis , a new species of Ericaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. This new species resembles A. mannii and A. hosseana , but differs from the former by its linear or narrowly oblong and bullate leaf blade with a strongly recurved leaf margin and obvious reticulate veinlets adaxially, and larger flowers with yellow green and glabrous corollas and longer stamens, and can be distinguished from the latter by having glabrous twigs, linear or narrowly oblong leaf blades, yellow green corollas and exerted style.

A comprehensive morphological and taxonomic revision of the imperfectly known species, Pistacia cucphuongensis (Anacardiaceae), is presented. Previously only recorded from Vietnam, this species is newly reported from China in this study. The floral morphology of P. cucphuongensis is described for the first time based on observations of living plants in the field and herbarium specimens. A complete list of examined specimens, a distribution map, and a colour plate are provided. Additionally, the conservation status of this species is assessed, and a detailed comparison with the morphologically similar P. weinmannifolia is included.

Sasa rubrovaginata is transferred to Yushania based on morphological and molecular evidence. The lectotype for S. rubrovaginata is designated. Besides, a revised description of this species and a key to the four Yushania species distributed in Cenwanlaoshan Mountain are also provided.

Vaccinium pseudobullatum W. P. Fang & Z. H. Pan, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19 (1): 108 (1981). Fig. 2 Type. China. Yunnan Province • Malipo County, Tiechang, 1200 m a. s. l., 20 February 1940, C. W. Wang 86988 [fl.] (holotype: PE; isotypes: IBK, IBK 00302352!; IBSC, 0457816!; KUN, 12088909! & 12088910!; SZ, 00126560!; WUK, 0268189, image!). Notes. Based on the specimens cited in Appendix 1, we have clarified two androecial features of the species: The length of the stamen filaments was indicated in the protologue (Fang and Pan 1981) as 1–1.5 mm, which was repeated in Fang and Stevens (2005). Fang (1991) and Huang and Fang (1991) considered the range as 1–2 mm. In most of the specimens studied here, however, the filaments are 3–4 mm long. Both flowering gatherings listed by Fang and Pan (1981; Wang 86988 and Feng 13490) bear flower buds (and no fully open flowers), and we suppose it to be the reason that they indicate shorter filaments than those observed by us. Their description was likely reproduced in the subsequent account without additional investigation of flower structure. The ratio of anther tubules to thecae was uniformly indicated as 2–3 for this species (Fang 1991; Huang and Fang 1991, including fig. 105 (9, 10); Fang and Stevens 2005), whereas we observed it to be mostly 1.1–1.3. We therefore treat this feature as more variable than earlier thought. Distribution. S China (SE Yunnan, SW Guangxi), N Vietnam (Cao Bang, Ha Giang). Until recently, the species was considered to be endemic to Yunnan; it was reported from Guangxi by Wei (2023) and from Vietnam by Averyanov et al. (2020).

Vaccinium bidoupense Smitinand ex Y. H. Tong, N. T. T. Huong & Tagane sp. nov. Figs 3, 4, 5, 6 Type. Vietnam. Kon Tum Province • NW slopes of Ngoc Linh Mountain system at 1800–1900 m a. s. l., open places in primary evergreen dense mountain forest, 23 February 1995, L. V. Averyanov, N. T. Ban, N. Q. Binh, A. Budantzev, L. Budantzev, N. T. Hiep, D. D. Huyen, P. K. Loc, N. X. Tam, G. Yakovlev VH 053 [fl.] (holotype: HN!; isotypes: BRIT, BRIT 402341!; LE, LE 01041972!; MO, 5168102!; P, P 04485557! & P 04483084!). Diagnosis. Vaccinium bidoupense is morphologically similar to V. petelotii and V. pseudobullatum in its relatively large leaf blades and umbel-like inflorescence with short rachis. It differs from V. petelotii in having longer calyx lobes (5–6 mm vs. 2.5–3 mm), pale red to salmon pink (vs. pale green) corolla, a longer corolla tube (11–13.5 mm vs. 3.5–4.5 mm), and longer stamens (14–16 mm vs. 5–6.5 mm). The new species differs from V. pseudobullatum in having leaf blades with somewhat less obvious tertiary veins, and longer pedicels (7–14 mm vs. 4–7 mm), corolla tube (11–13.5 mm vs. 8–9 mm) and stamen filaments (8–9 mm vs. 1–4 mm) (Table 1). Description. Shrubs, epiphytic or epilithic, evergreen; shoots pendent, ca. 2–5 (– 10) m long, sometimes rooting at nodes. Branches more or less angled, glabrous, densely lenticellate. Leaves non-distichously alternate (but leaves of a branch often arranged in one plane due to twisted petioles), evenly scattered. Petiole 0.3–1.2 cm long, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate or sometimes elliptic, 12–22 × 4.7–11.7 cm, 2.0–3.7 times as long as wide, coriaceous; adaxial surface green, glabrous; abaxial surface pale green, densely covered with appressed dark brown trichomes (trichomes caducous, leaving faintly punctate scars); base rounded, subtruncate or shallowly cordate, rarely cuneate or prominently cordate; margin entire, slightly revolute, with 1 basal gland per side, glands 1–1.5 mm in diam.; apex acute to acuminate or shortly caudate; median vein and secondary veins impressed adaxially, strongly raised abaxially; secondary veins pinnately arranged, 10–14 on each side of median vein, usually meeting in a closed loop and forming an intramarginal vein; tertiary veins more prominent in submarginal area than in the rest of leaf blade, stout, reticulate, slightly impressed or sometimes flat adaxially, slightly raised abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, 1 per axil, on leafy shoots and older leafless branches, sessile (peduncle absent), racemose, umbel-like, determinate (developing mostly within the confines of the perennating buds), 4–10 - flowered; rachis pale green, 0.5–2 cm long, glabrous; bracts caducous, crimson, ovate, 1.0–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 cm, thinly coriaceous, glabrous, margin entire, apex obtuse. Flowers pendent, articulated with pedicels, 5 - merous. Pedicels red to pale green, 0.7–1.4 cm long, glabrous; bracteoles 2, attached at base of pedicel, subopposite, acicular, early caducous. Calyx (excluding ovary) pale red to salmon pink, becoming greenish with age, at base appressed to corolla and distally diverging to spreading, glabrous on both sides; tube ca. 1 mm long; lobes 5, triangular-lanceolate, 5–6 × 2–3 mm, distinctly 1 - veined. Corolla pale red to salmon pink, glabrous outside and inside; tube cupulate, 11–13.5 × 13–14 mm; lobes 5, strongly recurved, triangular to broadly triangular, 3–4 × 4–5 mm. Stamens 10, dimorphic with respect to spurs, included in corolla, free from each other, 14–16 mm long; filaments white to pale pink, slightly incurved, 8–9 mm long, glabrous in proximal half and puberulent in distal half; anthers tightly appressed to style, golden yellow, dorsifixed, 7–9 mm long, each with 2 spurs; thecae 3–3.5 mm long, slightly papillate; tubules parallel, 4–6 mm long (ca. 1.3 times as long as thecae), opening by oblique ventral apical pores; spurs borne dorsally at base of tubules, strongly curved, ca. 1 mm long, those on antesepalous stamens extending laterally outside of antepetalous anthers and overlapping with spurs of next antesepalous stamens, those on antepetalous stamens strongly hooked outward below spurs of antesepalous stamens. Ovary inferior, pale red to salmon pink, obconic, terete, 1–2 × 2–2.5 mm, glabrous, pseudo- 10 - locular; disk pale yellow, annular, broadly dome-shaped, ca. 2.5 mm diam., glabrous; style 1.4–1.6 cm long, exserted from corolla for 2.5–4 mm, linear, glabrous; stigma truncate. Infructescences with rachis 1–3 cm long. Fruiting pedicel 1.2–2.4 cm long. Fruit (when young) globose, ca. 6 mm in diam., glabrous, with persistent calyx lobes 5–6 mm long. Mature fruits and seeds unknown. Ecology and phenology. Vaccinium bidoupense grows as an epiphyte on tree trunks or as a lithophyte on mossy rocks in broad-leaved and mixed forests at elevations of 1100–2200 m. It flowers from October to February; young fruits are documented from May to June. Distribution. Vaccinium bidoupense is known from Laos (Sekong Province) and Vietnam (provinces Kon Tum, Lam Dong, and Quang Nam). The species is therefore endemic to the area comprising the Central Highlands of Vietnam (also called Tay Nguyen Plateau) and their extension in Laos known as Dak Cheung (or Dakchung) Plateau, being broadly distributed across this region. The region comprises three main mountainous areas, i. e., Dak Lak Plateau, Kon Tum — Gia Lai Plateau and Langbian Plateau (Poyarkov et al. 2021), and V. bidoupense is documented to inhabit the latter two areas. As the known locations suggest, the species probably occurs throughout the Central Highlands, and its presence in the provinces Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Gia Lai is especially probable. Etymology and history of documentation of Vaccinium bidoupense. The species name “ Vaccinium bidoupense ” was initially proposed by Tem Smitinand on the determination slips of three of Poilane’s specimens kept in P (30292, 30763 and 30909, included below as paratypes of the species). Two of these specimens originated from the Bidoup Massif (and 30292 was collected nearby), which is reflected in the species epithet. Although such a name has never been formally published until now, it was used by Vander Kloet and Avery (2007) (as “ V. bidoupense Smithin ”) who included the specimen Poilane 30763 in a morphophenetic analysis of stamen characters in the tribe Vaccinieae. Here, we follow Smitinand’s choice of epithet to ensure the clearness of the species identity and to acknowledge his recognition of this distinct species. Conservation status. Vaccinium bidoupense is an integral element of highland vegetation of the Central Highlands of Vietnam (including their extension in Laos) with an expected total extent of occurrence (EOO) of about 55,000 km 2, which does not fit any of the threatened IUCN Red List conservation categories (IUCN, Standards and Petitions Committee 2025). In intact habitats of montane forests, the species meets no damage factors. However, the vast degradation of primary vegetation across the distribution area of the species, including the legally protected territories, leads to a continuing decline in the extent of its occurrence, quality of habitat, number of populations, and number of mature individuals. In this connection, we preliminarily assess V. bidoupense as Near Threatened (NT); we also consider that the species is close to being qualified as Vulnerable (VU) in the near future. Additional specimens examined (paratypes). Laos. Sekong Province • [Dak Cheung District,] new road along the border with Vietnam, 15°34′36.0′′N, 107°20′11.5′′E, 1224 m a. s. l., 17 July 2021, P. Souladeth, M. Soukhavong, N. Thongphakdee, T. Boutavong 1141 [st.] (FOF, FOF 0009576; KAG, KAG 181621). Vietnam. Quang Nam Province • Nam Giang District, Song Thanh Nature Reserve, 15°33′07′′N, 107°23′02′′E, 1100 m a. s. l., 6 May 2019, M. S. Nuraliev 2509 [young fr.] (BRIT, BRIT 1150627; IBSC; MW, MW 0758862, MW 0758863 & MW 0758864). Lam Dong Province • N of Dalat, 1500 m a. s. l., 2 September 1940, E. Poilane 30292 [young fr.] (L, L.3786302, image; P, P 04484682, P 04484683, P 04484684, P 04484685, P 05244320 & P 05244322, images) • Bidoup Massif, 2200 m a. s. l., 12 October 1940, E. Poilane 30763 [fl.] (L, L.3786303, image; P, P 00647856, P 04484686, P 04484688, P 05244702 & P 05244703, images) • ibid., 2000 m a. s. l., 14 October 1940, E. Poilane 30909 [fl.] (P, P 04484687, P 05244317 & P 05244321) • Lac Duong District, Da Chay Municipality, 29 km to NE from Dalat City, 12°6′N, 108°39′E, 1900–2000 m a. s. l., 23 March 1997, L. V. Averyanov, N. Q. Binh, P. K. Loc VH 3118 [st.] (HN; LE, LE 01041973; MO, MO-5172316) • ibid., 12°6′N, 108°39′E, 2150 m a. s. l., 1 May 1997, L. V. Averyanov, N. Q. Binh, N. T. Hiep, P. K. Loc, P. Lowry VH 4463 [fr.] (HN; LE, LE 01041976; MO, MO 2080998; MW, MW 1045967; P, P 04483084) • Lac Duong District, Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, 12 October 2011, N. H. Xia, J. B. Ni, Y. H. Tong & X. R. Zheng TYH- 1070 [st.] (IBSC) • ibid., SE of Giang Ly station, 12°11′07.7′′N, 108°41′14.6′′E, 1509 m a. s. l., 23 December 2012, A. N. Kuznetsov, S. P. Kuznetsova, A. N. Demidova, N. G. Prilepsky 404 [st.] (MW, MW 0750311) • ibid., 12°10′21.03′′N, 108°41′49.76′′E, 1504 m a. s. l., 19 November 2014, H. Toyama, S. Tagane, V. S. Dang, H. Nagamasu, A. Naiki, H. Tran, C. J. Yang et al. V 1857 [fl.] (FU; VNM) • ibid., 12°11′11.18′′N, 108°42′53.12′′E, 1639 m a. s. l., 23 February 2016, S. Tagane et al. V 4287 [fl.] (DLU; FU; VNM) • ibid., 12°11′09.23′′N, 108°42′55.46′′E, 1637 m a. s. l., 22 December 2018, S. Tagane et al. V 9614 [fl.] (DLU; FU; KAG, KAG 127364) • ibid., 22 April 2019, T. Yahara et al. V 9879 [young fr.] (DLU; FU; KAG, KAG 182510) • ibid., 12°4.076′N, 108°38.927′E, 2000–2200 m a. s. l., 8 November 2023, L. V. Averyanov, V. C. Nguyen, B. V. Truong, T. Maisak AL 2537 [fl.] (LE, LE 01253935, photos LE 01124590).

A new bamboo species, Bambusa rushunii, from Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, China, is described and illustrated in this paper. The new species resembles B. gibba and B. dissimulator in having branchlets specialised into weak thorns at the lower nodes of culms, but can be easily distinguished from the latter two by having one or two extremely shortened internodes at the culm base, glabrous internode, culm leaf sheath being dark brown strigose on the central part and with a nearly truncate or slightly obliquely truncate apex, relatively high culm leaf ligule, culm leaf blade base not narrowed, extending outwards and contiguous with auricles and the glabrous foliage leaf with a ciliate ligule margin.

Vaccinium petelotii Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 13 (6): 138 (1926). Fig. 1 = Agapetes parviflora Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 515 (1903). Type: China. Yunnan Province • Meng-tze [Mengzi County], A. Henry 10488 A [fr.] (lectotype, designated by Sleumer 1941: 446, US, 00116973, image!). Type. Vietnam. Lao Cai Province • Chapa [Sapa], 1500 m a. s. l., April 1925, P. A. Pételot 1772 [young fr.] (holotype: UC, UC 259692, image!; isotypes: A, 00015962, image!; P, P 00647843, image!; US, 00116935, image!). Notes. Based on the specimens cited in Appendix 1, we have clarified the morphological variation of the species as follows: In the treatments by Fang (1991) and Fang and Stevens (2005), Vaccinium petelotii is described as having corollas 6–11 mm long. However, the specimens of this species examined in our study bear corollas 4–5 mm long, consistent with the description by, e. g., Huang and Fang (1991) who indicated corollas about 6 mm long. At the same time, the specimen P. I Mao 82-172 (SWFC, 00004475 & 00004478) from Yunnan assigned to V. petelotii by R. C. Fang in 1984 demonstrates remarkably larger flowers with corollas up to 12 mm long. We suppose that the indications of large corollas were based solely on this specimen. Apart from flower size, this specimen differs from typical V. petelotii in larger leaves and shorter pedicels that remain straight (rather than becoming curved) when fruiting. We therefore exclude this specimen from V. petelotii and consider it a possible hybrid between V. petelotii and V. pseudobullatum. Fang and Stevens (2005) indicated the stamen filaments of Vaccinium petelotii as being 0.5 mm long, in which case the anthers would seem to be nearly sessile. We could not detect any reason for this indication and consider it erroneous because the specimens of this species studied here uniformly have filaments 2.5–3 mm long. The ratio of anther tubules to thecae was indicated by Fang and Stevens (2005) as ca. 3 for Vaccinium petelotii, which contradicts our observations (1.6–2.0) as well as the treatments by Fang (1991) and Huang and Fang (1991), both of which state a ratio of 1.5. Distribution. S China (SE Yunnan, SW Guangxi), N Vietnam (Lai Chau, Lao Cai).

Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, we confirmed that some bamboo collections from Guangxi, China, represent a new species of Indosasa. The new species, named I. fimbriligulata, is morphologically similar to I. glabrata but differs by having internodes that are white strigose when young, and hollow without or with a little clastic pith, culm buds triangular, culm leaf sheaths abaxially scattered with tufted brown setae, culm leaf auricles well developed, and culm leaf ligule apex long fimbriate. A detailed description, as well as two color plates of this new species, is also provided.

One of the most intractable problems in bamboo systematics concerns the three-branched bamboos of tribe Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), which are collectively characterized by having three branches per mid-culm node. Previous phylogenetic studies based on double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) data confirmed that Oligostachyum, a member of this group, is non-monophyletic, and in particular that Oligostachyum oedogonatum is a problematic species deserving further attention, as it appears to be morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from the other three-branched bamboos. Here we aim to define and confirm the phylogenetic position of O. oedogonatum, by including representatives from across its geographic range. We also provide new insights into the overall phylogeny of the three-branched bamboos and closely related genera, using multiple phylogenomic datasets. While a plastid genome-based tree is very poorly supported, phylogenies inferred using two sets of conserved nuclear genes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data yield generally well-supported and congruent topologies using coalescent-based approaches. The tree inferred from the largest concatenated gene set is the most dissimilar to other inferences. The nuclear-based data sets all recover a major clade that includes all of the three-branched bamboos and four other genera, which can be distinguished from related taxa due to their possession of three stigmas per floret and leptomorph rhizomes. Notably, eight O. oedogonatum samples form a clade that is distantly related to other members of Oligostachyum, including the type species of the genus (Oligostachyum sulcatum). Population genetic approaches and multi-species coalescent-based analysis of the nuclear data sets imply that seven of these populations can be treated as a single species, O. oedogonatum, but that one population from Jinggangshan is likely an intergeneric hybrid between O. oedogonatum and Pleioblastus. Morphologically, O. oedogonatum differs from all other three-branched bamboos, in having strongly asymmetrically swollen supra-nodal ridges, a laterally compressed spikelet, and rachilla segments that disarticulate readily below fertile florets. Because of its morphological distinctiveness and molecular phylogenetic position, we propose that this taxon should be reinstated as Clavinodum oedogonatum. We provide a new description for this monotypic genus here.

Based on field observation, literature review and specimen comparison, this paper reports two new records of wild orchids in Guangdong Province, namely Bulbophyllum yunxiaoense M.H.Li, J.F.Liu & S.P.Chen and Cyrtosia septentrionalis (Rchb.f.) Garay, with the former discovered in Conghua District, Guangzhou City, epiphytic on the trunks of large trees, and the latter in Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Shixing County, Shaoguan City, growing under the shady-slope bamboo forest near the mountain top. Detailed morphological descriptions and color plates for the two species were also provided. The voucher specimens are deposited in the herbaria of South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chebaling National Nature Reserve. These new records further enrich the diversity of Orchidaceae in Guangdong Province, and are of certain significance for future studies on the geographical distribution, population origin and dispersion of Orchids.

Indosasa gigantea is a bamboo with great economical value, but its generic designation has been controversial for a long time. This study aims to ascertain whether I. gigantea belongs to Indosasa or Acidosasa, based on morphological and molecular evidence from both plastome and single-copy nuclear orthologous genes. The results of phylogenetic analyses, based on plastid genomes and nuclear gene sequences, both strongly supported that I. gigantea is distantly related to other members of Indosasa, but clustered with Acidosasa glauca, the type species of Acidosasa. Further morphological studies demonstrated that I. gigantea is conspecific with A. glauca. Thus, I. gigantea was proposed as a synonym of A. glauca. Colour plates as well as a detailed description of this species are also provided.

Agapetes hongheensis, a new species of Ericaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. This new species resembles A. mannii and A. hosseana, but differs from the former by its linear or narrowly oblong and bullate leaf blade with a strongly recurved leaf margin and obvious reticulate veinlets adaxially, and larger flowers with yellow green and glabrous corollas and longer stamens, and can be distinguished from the latter by having glabrous twigs, linear or narrowly oblong leaf blades, yellow green corollas and exerted style.

Primulina longiflora, a new species endemic to Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to P. curvituba in the shape and texture of leaf blades and the curved corolla tube, but mainly differs in having longer calyx lobes, salverform and much longer corolla, and the bifid lower stigma lobe. Conservation status and discussions on differences between this new species and morphologically similar species are also provided.