为更好地备战2022年北京冬奥会,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法和数理统计法等,调查分析了自由式滑雪空中技巧项目第22和23届冬奥会和2届世锦赛以及2019年我国男、女队参加4站世界杯、年度总决赛情况.研究表明,我国雪上项目运动员在2022年北京冬奥会上将面临世界各个强国的激烈挑战,国家队对备战工作高度重视,重新组建了以老带新的队伍,具备较强的竞技实力.研究建议:尽早明确参赛目标,尽早确定参赛动作,加强系统训练解决落地稳定性的关键问题,加强对运动员训练、比赛的心理调控,加强练赛结合,确保完成北京冬奥会争金夺银的重任.

Using the research methods of historical analysis, expert interview, mathematical statistics and so on, the present research has, based on the review of sports competitive intelligence development in foreign countries, divided into in three evolution stages according to the features in development, namely, pioneer stage, traditional sport intelligence stage, and modern sport intelligence stage. By analyzing the achievements in each stage, it has proposed the developmental trends in future sport competitive intelligence. Along with the rapid development of modern information technology like the Internet, cloud computing, big data, the development of sport competitive intelligence exhibits the trends of diversified service objects, hi-tech methods and means, multidimensional research paradigm, etc. The prospect of sport competitive intelligence can be summarized as the following: continued development of technology will bring more high- tech data acquisition software and equipment to the field; new multivariate statistical model will make sports competitive intelligence work more forward- looking and predictive.

Training reserve elites for the Winter Olympic Games is vital for China’s preparation for 2022 Winter Olympics .This paper ,based on the preparation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ,makes analysis and summary on history and awards that China has made in partici‐pating in the Winter Olympics .The author suggests that speed skating and freestyle aerials and other nine Olympics events should be the more important events for China participating in the 2022 Winter Olympic Games .Realistically ,China is lack of reserve talents in key events of Winter Olympics and the distribution of developing events is unbalanced .The author observes that China should promote the winter sports on campus ,and expand important sports schools on Winter Olympics events .Moreover ,various social resources should be mobilized to establish teenagers sports club for Winter Olympics events ,meanwhile the national training base for high-level athletes of key events in Winter Olympics should be set up .Additionally ,increasing the investments ,reinforcing the team of sports teachers and coaches ,encouraging teenagers to join in various sports games as well as setting up a pluralistic elite training mode for national teen‐agers to compete in key events in Winter Olympics will all contribute to solve the problems mentioned above .

目的:以自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员为研究对象,探究训练环境因素的变化对运动员心理状态的影响,旨在为自由式滑雪空中技巧或其他相关项目备战各大赛事取得良好的训练效果和赛前状态提供参考.方法:实验法、问卷调查法.结果:与夏训相比,冬季雪上训练期的降雪、场地、气温、风速、风向是自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员应对的敏感的训练环境因素.虽然这些敏感的环境因素对运动员的身体机能无影响,但将导致情绪应激和心理疲劳水平的显著增高、自我效能的显著下降等不良心理状态.结论:自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队男运动员在应对训练环境变化时,来自降雪、场地、气温、风速、风向等敏感的环境因素,将诱发其产生“非运动性心理疲劳”状态.这种不良的心理状态会影响运动员备战期间的训练效果和赛前状态,进而影响比赛成绩.

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地调查法等,从品牌资产理论视角出发,借鉴Aaker品牌资产五星模型梳理当前WCBA联赛面临的品牌困境,并据此逐项指出摆脱困境的可行路径,以期在国家政策大力支持下提高WCBA联赛产业化程度、促进WCBA联赛于“十三五”期间又好又快发展.建议从产品包装入手,加大产品包装力度,突出产品包装重点;从产品宣传入手,合理利用宣传媒介,加大产品宣传力度;从更高层面的国家荣誉视角入手,提高国家女子篮球队成绩;从产品核心内容“比赛表演”的质量入手,提高竞赛质量;从产品核心内容“服务”的质量入手,完善联赛服务体系;在产品的品牌上做文章,借助品牌形象代言人,树立品牌形象;在产品的品牌上做文章,讲述品牌故事,建立品牌感动;从产品整体质量的宏观角度入手,提升联赛整体水平;从一切以消费者为中心的具体举措入手,建立和完善球迷协会,加强与球迷的沟通.

为了进一步提升我国自由式滑雪空中技巧项目的竞技水平,巩固我国在该项目冬奥会竞争格局中的优势地位,通过为自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队提供科技攻关服务,建立重要监控指标的数学模型和监控体系,对国家队日常训练和比赛实施综合科学监控并开展了大量的相关研究工作,形成了系统的科技攻关服务体系.结论:技术训练监控体系可通过解析重点运动员动作完成情况查找技术环节存在的问题;对运动员运动负荷状态、运动员生物周期状态进行生物学监控,可为教练组在不同训练和比赛周期调控训练计划提供可靠依据;物理治疗、营养调节等疲劳恢复措施能有效避免运动员发生损伤事故,确保训练计划顺利实施;利用仿真模拟技术建立的运动员出台速度数学模型解决了运动员出台技术的关键问题;研究团队与教练员共同设计了符合重点运动员个体技术特征的难新动作、创新训练方法与手段,取得了较好的训练效果.

为了更好地完善我国自由式滑雪空中技巧项目运动训练技术监控体系,找出影响该项目成败关键的评定诊断指标,通过平面定点拍摄法获取我国自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队运动员运动学参数,并对各项指标进行相关分析.研究结果表明,出台技术的技术敏感诊断指标包括重心出台速度,髋、膝关节角和踝关节角度.对空中重心垂直高度影响因素较大的敏感诊断指标包括出台垂直速度、助滑距离,助滑距离是提高运动员身体运动速度的关键因素,影响落地成败的敏感诊断指标包括空中最高点重心合速度、助滑速度和出台瞬间重心出台水平速度.

1 研究对象与方法 1.1 研究对象 自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队女子运动员7名(均为国家级),平均年龄(24.43±2.77)岁. 1.2 数据选取 选取自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队女子运动员在夏训期(8月20日-9月22日)进行测试,地点为国家体育总局秦皇岛训练基地.进行晨脉、血压、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BUN)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)的监测.测量晨脉、血压的时间:每周二、周三、周五、周六清晨6:30 ～ 7:00,连续五周.采血时间:每周一、周四清晨6:30 ～ 7:00,连续五周.

The force of Landing for Freestyle Skiing Aerials Athletes is very large,which is dangerous for the athletes.The aim of this paper was to prevent the damage on the athletes and improve their Landing stability.The instruments of this paper were shown below.Switzerland KISTLER force platform and 2 American TROUBLESHOOTER high-speed cameras worked synchronously.6 Freestyle Skiing Aerials fell onto the ground from the height of 50cm with the posture of normal and whole sole.The landing buffer time,standard force values,gradient force value,center of pressure,body slant angle and the changes of lower limb joint angles were analyzed.The maximal impact force of landing under the height of 50cm was 1.44 times larger than normal landing,which was probablt to get the athletes injured.The central pressure of front and back direction was smaller.The body slant angle was larger and the turning torque smaller,and therefore the body stable.

Purpose:It is especially important to build biological monitoring system for coaches and athletes.Furthermore,this system is significant for coaches to establish training schedule.Method:According to the characteristics of this field and the biological monitoring system of related projects and the actual situation of preparing for two national teams,the authors preliminary screened the biological monitoring system and physiological and biochemical indexes using documentation.Result:It was similar to the biological monitoring system and sensitive physiological and biochemical indexes during these projects.On this base,we still built different sensitive index system for athletes,such as body function condition,exercise load adaptability,sports fatigue status,pre-match state,excessive fatigue status and body recovery.Conclusion:We have constructed a set of biological monitoring system and its various sensitive physiological and biochemical indexes for freestyle skiing aerials and half-pipe snowboarding.It provides scientific theoretical basis for coaches to establish training plan and for key players to adjust pre-match state.

The definition and the theoretical foundation of the comprehensive teaching method are fully illustrated.Based on many years of teaching experience,good teaching effect has been achieved.It is pointed out that teachers should utilize more appropriate teaching methods to make students participate in learning more consciously,and accept knowledge more actively.This method placed students in a multiple environment,which provided a broader learning space for students,and helped students to acquire a new learning method by self-study and self-research.

In order to keep ahead on the performance of freestyle skiing aerial,and seek the key factors that influence the performance,based on the method of literature reviews,this article found out that there were quantitative and qualitative descriptions about influence factors of performance for athletes.But it lacks of statistical evaluation about the influence factors to the quality of performance.According to the investigation,we adopt assessment frame method which belongs to routine method to technique diagnosis.Through biomechanics and statistical methods the authors suggest setting up a model of technical index of high quality action and a control mode of the relationship between index and performance in order to form a perfection technique diagnoses system of freestyle skiing aerials.

Because Chinese Freestyle Skiing Aerials and Veneer U-Shaped Venue project started late,the ready-made biological monitoring theories are few.The results showed that it was still blank when we consulted foreign related literature.Thus constructing Freestyle Skiing Aerials Project and Veneer U-Shaped Venue Project biological monitoring system framework is particularly important.We started this biological monitoring from 2000,according to it's own characteristic,we combined the projects that had high correlation to propound the biological monitoring system framework.We aimed to fill domestic and abroad blank and provide scientific and technological support for tackling key problems and serving movement training theory in science and technology.

In order to improve the performance of half-pipe snowboarding ski on 21st winter and find out the key factors that influence the performance,based on the method of literature,this essay finds out that at present it is being at the start stage to analyze the influencing factor of half-pipe snowboarding ski.It lacks accurate localization to the key aspect that affects technical.According to the investigation,the authors adopt excellent mold of athlete to diagnose technique,set up a model of technical index of high quality action.Through biomechanics and statistical methods,it sets up a control mode of the relationship between index and performance,and comes into being a perfection technique diagnose system of half-pipe snowboarding ski.

Taking China's freestyle skiing aerials athletes of 2010 Vancouver Winter Games in preparation stage as the object,using the documents and expert interview,test and experiment,logical analysis and statistics methods,the authors studied the China's high level freestyle skiing aerials athletes of physical training in monitoring.Respectively from training theory,body function,morphology and biomechanics,it established physical training monitoring structure,method and index system,and carried on a scientific and systematic measurement and evaluation through training monitoring system for physical training process,and realize the special physical ability training process optimization control to improve special physical ability training scientific level.

By the methods of documenary review,expert interview,questionnaire investigation,class observation,etc.,this paper investigated the application situation about basketball teaching method in parts of sports colleges and universities in our country so as to optimization of basketball teaching methods and improve basketball teaching effectiveness.The results showed that regular teaching method was still the main method in basketball teaching course in current stage.The applying tendency of modern teaching method showed more and more frequent,but its extensive use was influenced by subjective and objective conditions to certain limitations,so that it need to change the teachers' concept,improve the overall quality of teachers and optimize the combination of teaching methods to promote modern teaching methods widely used in basketball class.

The body function and the biological load adaptability of male half-pipe athletes of the national team in 2010 Winter Games were monitored and evaluated to explore the changing reularity and provided scientific basis for coaches to adjust training programs.Methods:eight fine male athletes in China were research objects.In different periods,serum testosterone,cortisol,creatine kinase,and blood urea and hemoglobin were tested and evaluated.The results showed that in winter and summer training,the function of athletes is better,but individual players on the physical fitness and sports load condition were volatile,which was mainly embodied in the content of creatine kinase and blood urea,and significantly increased during the winter training in low hemoglobin and high blood urea phenomenon.According to the summer training,we believe that during the high intensity,long trampoline training is to encourage the players on the enzymes and the main cause of the urea.The serious training environment and large load and bad diet are the main cause of the result of high blood urea and hemoglobin.Suggestions are that in the summer training period coaches should in time adjust the intensity of the training to prevent fatigue to ease the movement of the situation and the ability to function and should be especially caring the iron element and high quality protein in the winter training.In addition,coaches should increase the times of monitoring to understand the situation in the function and to adjust the completion of the movement of training plan under high quality.

With the methods of literature review,experts interview,psychology measurements,coach evaluation and statistics,the author of this paper conducts a research on 51 elite young male basketball players of Liaoning Province with a view to finding out the relations between cognitive ability and technique effect.The results showed that:young men's basketball players to choose the wrong response times,comprehensive response to the wrong time,operation time for the three cognitive ability of thinking and technology-related performance was significant;different locations and technical performance of athletes was significantly correlated with indicators of different cognitive,guard members a sense of focus and muscle strength and technology with significant performance-related,forward thinking team members and Germany to operate the time and technical performance are significantly related to members of the center a sense of muscle force effectiveness and technology significantly correlated,showing the characteristics of their respective groups.

This article used the methods of documentary review,questionnaire survey,expert interview and mathematical statistics to study 14 China sport class special colleges and universities in existing teachers troop's basic situation,the scientific research and the training situation,the teaching condition and so on.Simultaneously,it aimed at the problems existed in China sport colleges and universities' basketball teachers troop,and proposed the suggestions.

With the methods of investigation,psychology measurements,coach evaluation and statistics,the cognitive ability of 22 forward players from Liaoning,Heilongjiang and Jilin basketball teams is systematically studied.The results indicate: 3 cognitive indexes of forward players such as time perception,operational thinking time and step times are notably significant with the difference of guard players in these indexes.Their 7 cognitive indexes,for example,the wrong times of comprehensive reaction,depth perception,time perception,time and space judging,the elbow's sensitivity,the step times of operational thinking and attention,are notably significant with the difference of center players in these indexes.Moreover,the operational thinking time of forward players is notably related to their technical effect.