Purpose:Excessive sodium intake in children can increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in adulthood. Globally, children below 5 years of age consume approximately 2,000 mg of sodium daily, exceeding the recommended limit. However, studies on sodium intake among Indonesian children, especially those below 2 years of age, are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate daily sodium intake and its associated risk factors. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the daily sodium intake and its associated risk factors were assessed in 85 healthy children aged 6-24 months in Jakarta between June and August 2024. Sodium intake was measured using urinary excretion (International Study on Salt and Blood Pressure formula), and dietary analysis was conducted using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. High sodium intake was defined per the Indonesian Pediatric Society guidelines. Results:Results showed that 64% of children aged 6-11 months consumed over 1,200 mg/day of sodium (mean: 1,289.20±639.25), while 37% of children aged 12-24 months had high sodium intake (mean: 1,242.03±584.35). Family socioeconomic status significantly correlated with high sodium intake (r=0.176). Specific food types were identified as risk factors for excessive sodium consumption. In this study, it was concluded that almost all children aged 6-24 months had sodium levels above the recommended levels. Notably, all children aged 6-11 months had a higher sodium intake than approximately one-third of children aged 12-24 months. Conclusion:These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce sodium intake among young children, especially among families with higher socioeconomic status.

General practitioners (GPs) are at the forefront of stunting interventions, but only a few studies have examined their understanding of growth monitoring. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of massive open online course (MOOC)-based Continuing Medical Education (CME) programs to increase GPs’ knowledge of nutrition and early detection of growth abnormalities. The study procedures were carried out using a pre- and post-cohort approach involving 121 GPs, mostly working in primary care in Indonesia. The pre- and post-test scores were observed before and after the 12-week MOOC intervention, and the participants were asked for feedback. There were 190 verified participants; the attrition rate was 27.4% (n = 52), and there were six participants with incomplete data, leaving 121 participants as the final sample. The results showed that post-test scores significantly increased after intervention in all domains. These domains included early-life nutrition (7.00 to 9.00), breastfeeding and lactation management (5.56 to 7.78), and feeding problems (7.33 to 8.00) (p < 0.001). Participants reported high satisfaction and preferred a combination of synchronous and asynchronous learning. The feedback suggested improving parental education techniques, specifically in low-socioeconomic settings, and strengthening collaboration between GPs and nutritionists in managing feeding problems.

BACKGROUND:Critically ill children are at risk of postoperative malnutrition. Thus, optimal nutritional therapy is essential for preventing morbidity development and reducing mortality rates among this population. An adequate protein intake increases anabolism. However, data on the effect of enteral protein supplementation on nitrogen balance (NB) and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) levels in postoperative critically ill children remain limited. PURPOSE:This study aimed to analyze whether an increased protein intake via enteral nutrition improves NB and reduces serum I-FABP levels among postoperative critically ill children. METHODS:This double-blind randomized controlled trial examined critically ill children aged 1-5 years who received early postoperative enteral nutrition. A total of 76 subjects were randomized into a standard-protein group (3.0 g/100 mL) or a high-protein group (4.35 g/100 mL). NB was assessed on days 1 and 3, while I-FABP levels were measured before and after 72 h of enteral feeding. RESULTS:The high-protein group showed a significantly greater increase in average NB (283.4 [standard deviation, 82.5] mg/kg/day) compared to the standard-protein group (114.7 [standard deviation, 53] mg/kg/day) (P<0.0001). However, no significant decrease in I-FABP levels was noted in either group despite the above- and below-average NB improvements. CONCLUSION:High-protein enteral supplementation improves NB in postoperative critically ill children without causing adverse side effects.

Abstract Background Risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and mental disorders) arise in adolescence but are mostly framed as relevant to health in adulthood; little is known about the relationship between co-occurring NCD risks and mental wellbeing in young people. This study aims to describe the prevalence and co-occurrence of distinct NCD risk factors, and how they relate to current mental wellbeing amongst adolescents in Indonesia, a young and populous country where NCD burden is increasing rapidly. Methods We assessed NCD risk and mental wellbeing amongst 1,331 school-based 16–18-year-olds in Jakarta (N = 609) and South Sulawesi (N = 722). Five domains of NCD risk (adiposity, substance use, physical inactivity, excess sedentary time, and diet) were either measured or self-reported. In Jakarta, we also measured blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Wellbeing was assessed using three indicators: general quality of life (QoL), physical function QoL, and psychological distress. We used linear regression to estimate the associations between co-occurring risks and wellbeing, adjusted for covariates of wellbeing: province, sex, socioeconomic status, and religion. Results NCD risk clustering was common, and more than half of adolescents had co-occurring risks in 3 or more of the 5 domains (58.9% (95%CI 53.7—63.9)). Adolescents with any NCD risk were more likely to report psychological distress, with this relationship most pronounced in those with excess sedentary time spent on video gaming and computer use. A higher number of NCD risk factors was associated with poorer psychological wellbeing and decreased general and physical function QoL. In the Jakarta subsample, reduced HDL and raised blood glucose was associated with psychological distress; and a higher number of risk biomarkers was associated with lower physical function QoL. Conclusions Our analysis also shows that these NCD risks (both individual risks and co-occurring risk count) are related to poorer profiles of mental wellbeing in adolescents, after adjusting for likely confounders.

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of mental health problems and potential risk and protective exposures for adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: An innovative sampling approach was applied to simultaneously recruit school- community-based adolescents aged 16-18 years old from Jakarta (urban megacity) and Sulawesi (remote province). We used multistage cluster sampling for in-school (N = 1,337) respondent driven sampling for out-of-school (N = 824) adolescents. Mental health was measured using two validated scales: Kessler-10 and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Revised. Psychiatric interviews were conducted in a subsample (N = 196) of students Jakarta to validate the self-report scales. Results: The estimated population prevalence of psychological distress and depression were 24.3% (95% CI 1 / 4 21.5-27.2) and 12.6% (10.5-14.4) for in-school and 23.7% (20.7-26.7) and 23.5% (20.4-26.5) for out-of-school adolescents, respectively. In participants who completed a psychiatric interview, common psychiatric morbidities were social anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Compared to in-school females, male in-school adolescents reported a lower prevalence of psychological distress (16.9% (13.1-20.7) vs. 30.4% (26.4-34.4)) and depression (10.1% (7.2-13.1) 14.6 (11.4-17.8)). By contrast, for out-of-school adolescents, males reported a higher prevalence psychological distress (25.2% (21.6-28.9) vs. 20.2% (15.1-25.3)) and depression (26.3% (22.5-30.1) vs. 16.9% (11.8-21.9)). In-school adolescents who did not seek healthcare despite a perceived need were more likely to report psychological distress and depression. Discussion: Adolescent mental health problems are highly prevalent in Indonesia, with substantial variation by gender, geography, and school enrolment. This study and its approach to sampling measurement may serve as a model to improving mental health surveillance across other settings. (c) 2024 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

BackgroundThe prevalence of stunting among Indonesian children aged 5–12 years decreased from 30.7% in 2013 to 23.6% in 2018 but has remained among the highest rates worldwide. Furthermore, Indonesian children were shorter than the standard reported by the World Health Organization and experienced obesity. The Indonesian government has created many programs to reduce stunting in children under the age of 5 years. An early preventive strategy is necessary because stunting can manifest within the initial 1,000 days of life, including during pregnancy. Therefore, a newer perspective, such as that achieved by addressing stunting in adolescents, has been deemed useful, given that adolescents are in their pubertal stage and are undergoing lifestyle changes. This cohort study was designed to measure these factors comprehensively in stunted and non-stunted children as they pass through adolescence.MethodsFor the prospective cohort, 560 individuals will be recruited from DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta, and East Java. The participants will be categorized into stunted and non-stunted groups, then undergo annual examinations in which key objectives, such as weight, height, and body mass index ,will be assessed for the growth profile; waist circumference, middle-upper arm circumference, hand-grip strength, body fat percentage, and food intake will be evaluated in a nutritional assessment; psychosocial and mental issues will be evaluated according to behavioral problems, symptoms of depression, quality of life, sleep patterns, anxiety disorders, and parenting style through the use of specific questionnaires; and pubertal stage will be assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Some cross-sectional data, such as cognitive performance, hair zinc levels, vitamin D levels, bone mineral density, and bone age, will also be included. All the outcomes will be analyzed in accordance with the variable types.DiscussionThis study provides a thorough dataset of Indonesian adolescents encompassing several elements, such as growth, nutrition, psychosocial wellbeing, mental health, and pubertal development, for both stunted and non-stunted individuals. The data acquired from this study can be used to formulate policies to prevent stunting through targeted interventions for adolescents. Finally, a better understanding of adolescent health could lead to improved strategies to decrease the number of stunted individuals in the next Indonesian generation.

Objective: Effective oral feeding is one of the critical milestones that must be achieved by preterm infants. While gestational age and birth weight have been recognized as influential factors, recent studies have found additional variables impacting the achievement of full oral feeding (FOF). This study is aimed at describing factors associated with the attainment of FOF in preterm infants.Methods: This retrospective cohort study examines preterm infants born between 28 and 34 weeks' gestation admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in Jakarta between July and December 2016. Comparative analysis utilized the Kruskal-Wallis test, while Cox's regression was employed for multivariate analysis to assess factors influencing the achievement of FOF.Results: This study included 87 preterm infants meeting the inclusion criteria. The median gestational age was 33 weeks (IQR: 3). The most common birth weight range was 1500-1999 g (51.7%). Median durations from birth to the first feed, full enteral feed, and FOF were observed to be 1 day (IQR: 1), 6 days (IQR: 10), and 14 days (IQR: 24), respectively. Notably, the duration of oxygen therapy, episodes of sepsis, and frequency of blood transfusions showed significant associations with the time taken to achieve FOF.Conclusion: This study found significant associations between the time to achieve FOF and factors such as oxygen therapy duration, sepsis episodes, and frequency of blood transfusion. These findings highlight the importance of considering these factors in managing preterm infants. However, a further prospective study is warranted to identify additional factors that influence feeding milestones in preterm infants.

Malnutrition is widely known to affect growth in children. There are many studies focusing on malnutrition globally in relation to limited food access; however, there is only limited research on disease-related malnutrition, especially in chronic conditions and particularly in developing countries. This study aims to review articles on the measurement of malnutrition in pediatric chronic disease, especially in developing countries where there are resource limitations in identifying nutritional status in pediatric chronic disease with complex conditions. This state-of-the-art narrative review was conducted through search of literatures through 2 databases, and identified 31 eligible articles published from 1990 to 2021. This study found no uniformity in malnutrition definitions and no consensus regarding screening tools for the identification of the malnutrition risk in these children. In developing countries where resources are limited, instead of focusing on finding the best tools to identify the malnutrition risk, the approach should be directed toward developing systems that work best according to capacity and allow for a combination of anthropometry assessment, clinical evaluation, and observation of feeding access and tolerance on a regular basis.

Background The asynchrony rapid phase of cognitive, physical and emotional development occurring in adolescence may result in various issues such as risk-taking behavior, psychosocial and emotional problems. School closure during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a tremendous change in adolescent lifestyle and habits, including sleep patterns. causing added challenges to adolescents’ emotional and behavioral problems. Objective To identify the association between sleep disorders with emotional and behavioral problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in urban and rural adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among adolescents aged 12-18 years from November to December 2021 in two provinces, DKI Jakarta and Riau Islands. We recruited students consecutively from randomly selected junior and senior high schools. We used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to screen for emotional and behavioral problems and for sleep disorders, respectively. The questionnaires were sent electronically to each subject after obtaining parental consent. Results There were 400 subjects included in our study, of which 64% were female. The prevalences of COVID-19 amongst subjects in urban and rural areas were COVID-19 12.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Emotional and behavioral disorders as well as sleep disorders were more common in rural than urban areas (13 vs. 11.5% and 50.5% vs. 38%; P=0.012, respectively). Sleep disorders were associated with the SDQ subscales of emotional symptoms [PR 4.88 (95%CI 2.97 to 8.03); P<0.01), conduct problems [PR 3.71 (95%CI 1.53 to 9.04); P=0.02), hyperactivity/inattention [PR 6.05 (95%CI 2.58 to 16.17); P<0.01], and peer relationship problems [PR 3.28 (95%CI 1.33 to 8.09); P<0.01). Conclusion Sleep disorders among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic were associated with emotional and behavioral problems. Adolescents who live in rural areas were more likely to have sleep disorders, emotional and behavioral problems.

Background Adolescence is a development period marked by the onset of a new set of health needs. The present study sought to quantify the prevalence of foregone care (not seeking medical care when needed) and identify which adolescents are at greater risk of having unmet healthcare needs. Methods A multi-stage random sampling strategy was used to recruit school participants (grade 10-12) in two provinces in Indonesia. Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit out-of-school adolescents in the community. All participants completed a self-reported questionnaire which measured healthcare seeking behaviours, psychosocial wellbeing, use of healthcare services, and perceived barriers to accessing healthcare. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with foregone care. Findings A total of 2161 adolescents participated in the present study and nearly one in four adolescents reported foregone care in the past year. Experiences of poly-victimisation and seeking care for mental health needs increased the risk of foregone care. In-school adolescents who reported psychological distress [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.48-2.38] or had high body mass index (aRR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.00-1.57) were at greater risk of foregone care. The leading reason for foregone care was lack of knowledge of available services. In-school adolescents predominantly reported non-access barriers to care (e.g., perception of the health concern or anxiety about accessing care) whereas most out-of-school adolescents reported access barriers (e.g., did not know where to get care or could not pay). Interpretation Foregone care is common among Indonesian adolescents, especially in adolescents with mental and physical health risks. Differences between in-school and out-of-school adolescents suggest that interventions to promote appropriate healthcare use will need tailoring. Further research is needed to determine causal relationships around barriers in access to healthcare. Funding Australia-Indonesia Centre.

Background. The ketogenic diet has recently been explored as a potential treatment approach for intractable epilepsy in children and has been applied in various parts of the world. The ketogenic diet is also effective for the treatment of mood disorders, especially for adolescent and young adults with epilepsy. The Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) is the less restrictive type of ketogenic diet with similar principles as the classic type. However, no study has been conducted to evaluate the use of MAD in children with severe epilepsy in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the effectiveness, tolerance, compliance, and the adverse effects of MAD in children with intractable epilepsy during a 6-month monitoring period. Methods. This is a pilot experimental study involving children aged 2–18 years old with intractable epilepsy at the Pediatric Neurology and the Pediatric Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Clinics at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta between November 2021 and June 2022. Results. A total of 31 subjects met the inclusion criteria and received the MAD in the first month, followed by 13 (41.9%) subjects in the third month, and 9 (29%) subjects in the sixth month. The MAD reduced the seizure frequency by 50% (p=0.144), 62% (p=0.221), and 83.3% (p=0.028) in the first, third, and sixth months, respectively. The most frequent adverse effects are vomiting and diarrhea. Noncompliance was observed in 18 (58.1%) subjects. A sample of the MAD food menu guidebook was developed to make it easier for parents to adhere to the diet. Conclusions. The MAD reduces the mean seizure frequency in children with intractable epilepsy in the first, third, and sixth months, with a statistical significance in the sixth month. A further randomized, controlled, and multicenter clinical trial with a larger sample size and longer observation period is required. This trial is registered with Protocol ID 20-10-1323.

Background: To date, limited data are available regarding the factors that contribute to the delay of improvement in nutritional status as well as data regarding the optimal duration to improve malnutrition among children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Such data are important for pediatricians to fully optimize the nutritional status for those children prior to surgical procedure This study aims to identify those aforementioned factors in hope for better surgical outcome and quality of life of children with CHD. Methods: This is a descriptive analytic study using retrospective cohort design to identify the factors that contribute to the delay of improvement in nutritional status among children with CHD. Variables such as the type of CHD, classification of CHD complexity, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, corrective surgery, the route of nutrition access, pneumonia, diarrhea, special diets and patients undergoing routine control at the nutrition outpatient clinic were evaluated in this study. Results: A total of 216 children with a diagnosis of CHD and weight-for-length z-score under -1 SD were included in this study. Based on multivariate analysis, there were two significant risk factors, which were the occurrence of diarrhea and consulting at nutrition outpatient clinic. The improvement in nutritional status in children with CHD who did not have diarrhea was faster than those with diarrhea (HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.10 – 3.47) (p value <0.025). Improvement in nutritional status of those children that underwent control at the nutrition outpatient clinic was faster than those who did not (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.20 – 2.92) (p value <0.006). Conclusion: Risk factors that significantly lengthen the duration of improvement in the nutritional status of CHD patients were the incidence of diarrhea and those who did not undergo control at the nutrition outpatient clinic.

Latar belakang. Kemajuan dalam perawatan neonatal intensif telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap peningkatan angka kesintasan bayi prematur. Bayi yang bertahan hidup mempunyai risiko gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang berhubungan dengan prematuritas dan morbiditas yang menyertainya. Tujuan. Mengetahui luaran pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi prematur usia gestasi 28-34 minggu pasca rawat dari Unit Neonatologi Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo.Metode. Penelitian kohort prospektif dengan wawancara kepada orang tua subjek penelitian, pencataan melalui rekam medis, dan pemeriksaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan langsung oleh peneliti pada 90 bayi prematur pasca rawat pada bulan Juli? Desember 2016 dengan cara consecutive sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah bayi prematur dengan masa gestasi 28-34 minggu, berdomisili di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, serta Bekasi dan orang tua menyetujui mengikuti penelitian. Kriteria eksklusi adalah bayi memiliki kelainan kongenital atau bawaan seperti sindrom Down, sindrom Rubella dan lainnya, dan memiliki malformasi orofasial. Hasil. Hasil data usia koreksi 0 sampai 3 bulan, didapatkan rerata kenaikan berat bayi prematur 29,01±5,31 g/hari, hasil rerata kenaikan panjang badan 3,7±0,8cm/bulan dan rerata kenaikan lingkar kepala 1,6±0,6cm/bulan. Hasil perkembangan berdasarkan FSDQ CAT-CLAM (full-scale developmental quotient cognitive adaptive test- clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scale) menunjukkan skor yang cukup baik yaitu di atas 100% dengan rerata 148% (111-160% ).Kesimpulan. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi prematur usia gestasi 28-34 minggu pasca rawat Unit Neonatologi Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusomo Jakarta sampai usia 3 bulan koreksi baik dan dalam rentang normal.

BACKGROUND:Indonesia has high numbers of preterm birth, i.e., around 600,000 preterm births annually. It imposes a significant burden on the Indonesia's healthcare system. Indonesia therefore requires its own evidence-based reference to manage premature neonates and ex-preterm infants who subsequently survived. No long-term study on preterm infants in Indonesia has been conducted, therefore we aim to evaluate growth and development on ex-preterm infants until the pre-pubertal stage.METHODS:We at the Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH) designed a prospective cohort study of preterm infants, i.e., the Cohort of Indonesian Preterm Infants for Long-term Outcomes (CIPTO) study. At least 500 subjects will be recruited with an estimation of two-year recruitment (i.e., the recruitment phase will be completed before 2024). The CIPTO study will observe long-term outcomes of ex-preterm infants, primarily on growth and developmental milestones until 8 years old. Aims of this study are to determine the ex-preterm outcomes and to generate an evidence-based reference of preterm care for ensuring optimum outcomes. The pre-specified long-term outcomes in this study are survival rates, growth outcomes, neurodevelopmental outcomes, feeding behavior, as well as hearing and vision impairments. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes will be assessed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months of corrected age as well as at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 years old.DISCUSSION:The CIPTO study is the first prospective cohort in Indonesia focusing on preterm infants born at the CMGH. With a follow up until 8 years old, this study may provide useful insights to generate an evidence-based, Indonesia's health care reference in managing premature infants and ensuring the optimum outcomes of ex-preterm infants.

To explore how parents of Indonesian adolescents conceptualize adolescence and to identify the challenges faced in parenting adolescents, focusing on parents from different sociodemographic backgrounds. Focus group discussions (FGD) were undertaken with parents of adolescents aged 10–18 years old from different sociodemographic backgrounds (urban high socioeconomic; urban low socioeconomic; rural low socioeconomic) using a semi-structured interview guide. Content and thematic analysis were assisted by Nvivo version 12.6.0. Forty-three parents participated in four FGD. All parents recognized that adolescence was a distinct developmental stage, reflected in changing behaviors, escalation of peer influences and sexual development. Parents from poor, rural backgrounds had relatively limited understanding of the emerging capabilities of adolescents and had a narrow repertoire of responses to challenging behaviors, with heavy reliance on religious rules and punishment. Parents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds displayed a wider range of warmer, more engaging approaches that they reported using to shape their children’s behaviors. These findings highlight opportunities to enhance parenting skills, which appear most warranted in parents of adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. Embedding basic adolescent parenting information within community programs appears indicated, and enhancing religious leaders’ understanding of different approaches to parenting could be helpful in more religious communities. “What is already known on this subject? Parenting practices play an important role in adolescent health, development, and well-being. Parenting practices are influenced by socio-economic, demographic and cultural determinants. The evidence for how Indonesian parents conceptualize adolescence and how parenting practices might differ across diverse sociodemographic contexts is scarce. “What this study adds? While parents from different sociodemographic groups had a common conceptual understanding of some aspects of adolescence, there were substantial differences in their approaches to parenting. There are opportunities to enhance parenting skills, especially in more disadvantaged regions.

Background: Adolescents’ psychosocial and mental health is affected by body image. However, adolescent body image dissatisfaction (BID) is noted as an epidemic problem worldwide and limited studies in developing countries were performed. This study aimed to assess the association between psychosocial-mental health difficulties and BID among adolescents in Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in high schools in Jakarta selected by cluster random sampling. The randomly selected students aged 14-18 from each school were provided with online questionnaires, including Body Dissatisfaction Scale (BDS), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS). Results: There were 327 subjects who filled out the questionnaire completely and were included in the analysis. The common psychosocial and mental health difficulties in adolescents in this study were hyperactivity-inattention, peer problems, and emotional problems (30%, 20.8%, and 20.2% consecutively). The overall psychosocial and mental health scores were not statistically higher in the BID group, but the emotional symptom scores were significantly higher in the BID group (p=0.023). The correlation between stress level and emotional symptom scores is also strong (p<0.001, r=0.701). Conclusion: Public health interventions are needed to assist adolescents to improve their body confidence and develop a resistant coping mechanism.

Globally in 2020, 149 million children under 5 were estimated to be stunted, 45 million were estimated to be wasted according to WHO. Pediatric malnutrition (undernutrition) is estimated to contribute to approximately 45% of all child deaths globally.

Latar belakang. Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak besar secara global, salah satunya di bidang pendidikan. Kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring (dalam jaringan). Remaja yang mengikuti sekolah daring lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu di depan layar. Remaja juga merasa kesepian karena adanya pembatasan sosial sehingga mencari pelarian melalui internet. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya waktu di depan layar sehingga meningkatkan adiksi internet pada remaja.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens adiksi internet remaja di masa pandemi Covid-19 serta mengetahui hubungannya dengan beberapa faktor sosio-demografik. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang terhadap 332 siswa SMP/SMA/SMK/sederajat yang sedang menjalani sekolah daring, melalui pengisian kuesioner faktor sosio-demografik dan KDAI (kuesioner deteksi adiksi internet), dalam waktu 3 bulan (Maret-Juni 2021).Hasil. Prevalensi adiksi internet remaja sebanyak 29,8%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan adiksi internet adalah waktu di depan layar untuk kegiatan hiburan ≥3 jam (p=0,001, adjusted OR 4,309, IK 95% 1,833-10,129) serta pengawasan orangtua yang buruk dalam penggunaan internet (p=0,037, adjusted OR 1,827, IK 95% 1,038-3,215). Kesimpulan. Tidak ada peningkatan prevalensi adiksi internet remaja di masa pandemi Covid-19. Variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan adiksi internet adalah pengawasan orangtua yang buruk dan waktu depan layar untuk kegiatan hiburan ≥3 jam.

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia among adolescent girls. The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women increased from 2013 to 2018, and females age 15-24 years had the highest prevalence of anemia. Therefore, knowing the baseline status of protein and iron intake —particularly animal-sourced protein as the main source of heme iron—is important to design future intervention program. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the protein and iron intake adequacy of High School girls in Depok, Indonesia. Methods: 211 girls from Senior High School in Depok, Indonesia participated in this study. Subjects were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. A questionnaire was administered to obtain general characteristics. Dietary intake data were obtained using a 3-day non-consecutive 24hr recall 1 weekend 2 weekdays interview. Anthropometric status was measured and calculated. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Spearman’s correlation (significance p<0.05) was used to determine the factors related to protein and iron intake. Results: This population had inadequate intake of energy (97.2%), protein (59.7%), and iron (98.6%). However, intake of fat was higher than recommended in 59.2% of participants. Protein and iron intake were not correlated with age, father’s education, mother’s education, and the number of household member.