China's Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road initiative aims to connect Asia, Africa, Europe, and their near seas.This paper considers China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road

Qualitative risk assessment using the risk matrices recommended by International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Standards Organization (ISO) cannot be used for the risk assessment of the pollution of precisely determined part of the coastal sea by black waters from various vessels. Therefore, an original model has been set for risk assessment by means of multiplicative matrices at three levels, allowing risk assessment for very complex assessments with a lot more input factors unlike the classic risk matrix that has two input factors (frequency of occurrence, intensity of consequences). The proposed model of risk assessment uses matrices which first determine the vessel risk index taking into consideration the factor of device for the processing of black waters and the factor of regulations that are applied to the respective vessels. Later, the location sensitivity index is determined, which takes into consideration the sensitivity factor of the location and the factor of impact on the location. Finally, at the third level the assessed risk of sea pollution by black waters is determined according to the type of vessel at precisely defined maritime zone locations. The offered model of risk assessment using multiplicative matrices has practical application and can be used also for many other risk assessments that take into consideration many input factors that affect the risk. The result of risk assessment of the pollution of the coastal sea can be used in decision-making in risk management for undertaking measures in order to protect the coastal sea, human health, and economic activities of a certain area in the coastal sea.

This paper examines methods of ship's hull and propeller condition monitoring as aim to select optimum docking period. So far present methods did not consider continuous condition monitoring of hull and propeller as a means of determining docking period. This paper proposes optimisation of docking period based on data collecting and data processing. Proposed approach to data analysis as well as calculation of energy efficiencies losses, caused by hull and propeller fouling, can be used as an acceptable method for shipping companies to make decision on the most optimal docking period. This method is aligned with ISO 19030 standard, particularly with part 3 'alternative methods' which specify data collection on daily basis without the use of complex computing equipment. The method, proposed in this paper, is particularly acceptable to companies that do not have the opportunity to invest in sophisticated data collection and processing equipment.

Ovaj rad analizira mjere nadzora i sigurnost putničkih brodova u dubrovačkoj luci te pristupnom plovnom putu upotrebom deduktivne metode i statističkog prikaza broja uplovljenja/isplovljenja putničkih brodova te prometa ostalih plovila. Također se prikazuje ustroj, funkcija i trenutačno stanje službe za nadzor i upravljanje pomorskim prometom. Metodom kontinuiranog promatranja ustanovljeni su rizici na plovnom području, kao i nedostaci s kojima se služba susreće u svakodnevnom radu. Primjenom induktivne metode iznesen je prijedlog za poboljšanje mjera nadzora.

Sibenik is a large and one of the oldest and best protected natural harbor on the Croatian Adriatic coast. The Old Port is located in the submerged estuary of the river Krka. Limited available room for maneuvring within the harbour, new passenger terminal and part of the port for handling different types of cargo reduce the space for safe navigation and mooring /unmooring of merchant and cruise ships. Approach to the port of Sibenik from the open sea, especially the navigation through St. Anthony channel and maneuvering inside the waters of the city port present a particular challenge to each seafarer. As far as safety is concerned, the mentioned circumstances significantly contribute to increasing the threat of possible maritime accidents. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the potential threats of maritime accidents in the Sibenik St. Anthony channel. To determine the threat of maritime accidents a qualitative method was used: ranking of threats. Each maritime accident in the narrow area of the St. Anthony channel and the port of Sibenik could result in severe consequences on the overall economic and other activities of the port of Sibenik. St. Anthony channel is the only entrance into the central Dalmatian town of Sibenik and international port of Sibenik. Because of its characteristics, the length which is not in a straight line, it is necessary to frequently change course at shorter intervals. Channel width in some places is reduced and causes problems, and due to sea currents and occasional strong winds, the channel is from the point of safe navigation very difficult for navigation. Moreover, passing ships over 50 GT within the channel is dangerous. The possibility of a collision, grounding and /or sinking of large ships during transit through the St. Anthony channel may eventually lead to a complete closure of maritime passenger and freight traffic to the port of Sibenik. It is therefore of utmost importance to assess the threat of a collision, grounding and /or sinking of ships in the waters of the port of Sibenik.

Statistical data, analyses and assessment of maritimepassenger traffic in sea ports in the Republic of Croatia pertaining to the traffic in the Port of Šibenik indicate that, following the expansion and reconstruction of berths for large ships in 2014, marine traffic in the waters of the Port of Šibenik and the Channel of St. Ante has been on the rise. There is therefore a need for pollution risk analysis for the Port of Šibenik. Risk assessment was made using the qualitative method of “Risk assessment-based threat ranking”, following which a scenario involving discharge of harmful substances (oil spill) and possible pollution of the Port of Šibenik and the Channel of St. Ante in difficult navigating conditions in restricted waterways and bad weather was simulated. Marine pollution itself has no direct impact on human life. There are usually no human casualties, although major disasters can affect human health. There can therefore be dire indirect consequences, with negative impact on the eco-system, and consequently on some of the most important branches of industry like tourism, sports, fishing, etc. The prevalent northerly and southerly winds have a particularly high influence on the spreading of oil spills in closedoff waters like those of the Port of Šibenik. The influence of sea currents in the Krka river basin and the Channel of St. Ante is exceptionally strong, especially during heavy rains accompanied by increased water flow. Oil spill simulation is therefore an important tool for planning preventive action and response operations in case of oil spill from ships.

Šibenik je velika i jedna od najstarijih i najbolje prirodno zaštićenih luka na hrvatskoj obali Jadrana. Gradska luka smještena je u potopljenom ušću rijeke Krke. Ograničeni raspoloživi manevarski prostor unutar gradske luke, smještaj novog putničkog terminala te dijela luke za prekrcaj različitih vrsta tereta smanjuje siguran prostor za plovidbu i privez/odvez trgovačkih i putničkih kruzerskih brodova. Prilazi luci Šibenik s otvorenog mora, a posebno plovidba kanalom sv. Ante, kao i manevriranje unutar akvatorija gradske luke za svakog pomorca predstavlja poseban izazov. S aspekta sigurnosti navedene okolnosti značajno pridonose povećanju prijetnje od moguće pomorske nezgode. Stoga se ukazala potreba da se izvrši procjena mogućih prijetnji pomorskih nesreća u području šibenskog kanala sv. Ante. Za određivanje prijetnji pomorske nezgode razvijen je model određivanja prijetnji koji se temelji na kvalitativnoj metodi Rangiranja prijetnji. Svaka pomorska nezgoda u zatvorenom području kanala sv. Ante i gradske luke Šibenik može imati nesagledive posljedice na cjelokupne privredne i svekolike druge aktivnosti luke Šibenik. Kanal sv. Ante predstavlja jedini ulaz u srednjodalmatinski grad Šibenik i za međunarodni promet otvorenu šibensku luku. Zbog svog izgleda, duljine koja ne ide pravocrtno, potrebno je često mijenjanje kursa u kraćim vremenskim intervalima. Širina kanala na pojedinim je mjestima mala i problematična, a zbog morskih struja i povremeno jakog vjetra kanal je s aspekta sigurnosti plovidbe jako težak za navigaciju. Štoviše, mimoilaženje brodova preko 50 BT-a unutar kanala opasno je. Mogućnost sudara, nasukanja i/ili potonuća većeg broda tijekom tranzita kroz kanal sv. Ante u krajnjem slučaju može dovesti do potpunog zatvaranja pomorskog putničkog i teretnog prometa za luku Šibenik. Stoga je od izuzetne važnosti izvršiti procjenu prijetnji sudara, nasukanja i/ili potonuća broda u akvatoriju luke Šibenik.

This paper has dealt with the maritime accident of a RO-RO passenger ship "Marko Polo": Its aim has been to research and determine the causes which had led to the accident. The results could contribute to the improvements of the safety of navigation and the reduction of possible future accidents. On the basis of this analysis, various regulations can be improved and changed, commanding of the ship can be perfected. Similarily, crew training, maintenance and ship repairs could be improved. Enviromental protection attempts and procedures of assistance from the mainland can profit from the findings of this paper. Shipping companies, ship owners, VTS services, maritime authorities and various other participants giving assistance can benefit from the findings. The paper might help in the prevention of future marine accidents.

The main purpose of this work would be to describe the removal of the cruise ship Costa Concordia. She grounded and partially sank in the vicinity of the Island of Giglio in 2012. on January 13th. Unfortunatelly 32 human lives were lost in an accident. Costa Concordia damage was officially reported as "total loss". Shipwreck removal operation in one piece is the largest big ship salvage operation ever carried out. After wreck removal from The Island of Giglio she might be tugged out and scrapped.

Sažetak Onečišćenje morskog okoliša je u porastu kao rezultat onečišćenja s kopna zbog rasta populacije stanovništva i jednako tako s plovila zbog rasta prometa morem. Posljedice toga u prostoru obalnoga mora reflektiraju se na gospodarstvo, javno zdravstvo i nepovratno gubljenje bioraznolikosti i morskih organizama. Svjesna te činjenice, međunarodna zajednica ulaže velike napore kako bi se zaustavili, ili barem usporili, negativni trendovi u onečišćenju obalnog mora. Razlozi još uvijek nedostatne učinkovitosti u zaštiti i očuvanju mora složeni su i brojni. Uz gospodarske, političke i druge različitosti država te probleme ograničenih financijskih izvora, posebice valja izdvojiti još uvijek nizak politički prioritet koji ima okoliš i nedostatnu javnu svijest o problemu zaštite okoliša u pojedinim državama. Međutim, koncepti u zaštiti okoliša, poput „Održivi razvoj“ i „Integrirano upravljanje obalnim područjem“ te nastojanje međunarodne zajednice da primijeni spomenute koncepte kod većeg broj država i regija, pomažu u učinkovitijoj zaštiti mora od onečišćenja i drugih negativnih posljedica. Europska zajednica ima veliki doprinos u procesu zaštite mora i obalnog područja donošenjem pravnih akata koji su obvezujući za njezine sadašnje i buduće članice, ali i za sve države potpisnice konvencija i protokola na razini regije Mediterana. Održivi razvoj i integrirano upravljanje obalnim područjem upućuju na upotrebu obogaćivanja ekološke mreže zaštite i očuvanja mora, posebice kad su u pitanju strateški i politički modeli partnerstva i dobrosusjedstva s državama i izvan Europske zajednice. Ključne riječi: održivi razvoj, integrirano upravljanje obalnim područjem, propisi.

Sea environment pollution is constatly increasing as the result of the pollution from shore, due to the population increase, as well as from seagoing vessels due to the increased sea traffic. Coastal sea pollution consequently has an impact on economy and public health. It has a special influence to the loss of marine biodiversity and means the threat for sea species.Aware of the above mentioned facts, the international community is making great efforts to stop or at least to slow down the negative trends in the pollution of coastal waters. The reasons for the lack of efficiency in the protection and conservation of the sea are complex and numerous. Besides economic, political and other differences and problems of limited state financial resources, in particular there is still a low political priority of the environment, and insufficient public awareness of the environmental problems in individual countries. concepts in the understanding of environmental protection, such as "Sustainable Development" and "Integrated Coastal Zone Management" and the efforts of the international community in applying the above concepts to the growing number of countries and regions, helps in more efficient prevention of sea pollution and many other negative consequences. The European Community has a major contribution to the protection of sea and coastal areas through the adoption of a series of Acts that are obligatory for its current and future members, but also for all States Parties to the Conventions and Protocols on the level of the Mediterranean region.Sustainable Development and Integrated Coastal Zone Management indicate the necessity of enriching the ecological network of protection and conservation of the sea, especially when it comes to strategic and political models of partnership and good neighbourly relations with the countries outside the European Community.

This paper deals with the rules and regulations pertaining to the protection of the marine environment from the pollution by vessel’s sewage. There is an international perspective on legal regulations dealing with this matter, but the sensitive marine environment has not been properly covered. Some maritime countries have set forth their own and more strict regulations to provide for a more efficient protection of their marine environments. Having compared the international legal regulations for the protection of the seas from pollution by vessel’s sewage with the regulations of individual countries that have stricter regulations, a certain similarity has been noticed in some criteria, but also significant differences in some other criteria concerning allowed discharge of treated or untreated waste waters from the vessels. Amendments to the valid legal regulations and establishment of new rules pertaining to the marine environment are of particular importance in order to provide for a more effective protection of the seas from the increasing pollution from vessel’s sewage preventing thus the negative influence onto marine organisms, human health and economy. KEY WORDS: sea pollution, sewage, black water, faecal coliform bacteria, suspended solids, sewage treatment plant, convention