The early diagnosis of cancer is vital for effective treatment and improved prognosis. Tumor biomarkers, which can be used for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic evaluation of cancer, have emerged as a topic of intense research interest in recent years. Nucleic acid, as a type of tumor biomarker, contains vital genetic information, which is of great significance for the occurrence and development of cancer. Currently, living cell nucleic acid probes, which enable the in situ imaging and dynamic monitoring of nucleic acids, have become a rapidly developing field. This review focuses on living cell nucleic acid probes that can be used for the early diagnosis of tumors. We describe the fundamental design of the probe in terms of three units and focus on the roles of different nanomaterials in probe delivery.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether no drainage has an advantage over routine drainage in patients with thyroid carcinoma after unilateral thyroid lobectomy and central neck dissection.MethodsA total of 104 patients with thyroid cancer who underwent unilateral thyroid lobectomy and central lymph node dissection were randomly assigned into no drainage tube (n=52) and routine drainage tube (n=52) placement groups. General information of each patient was recorded, including the postoperative drainage volume/residual cavity fluid volume, postoperative complications, incision area comfort, and other data, and the thyroid cancer-specific quality of life questionnaire (THYCA-QoL) and patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) were evaluated after surgery. At the 3–6 month follow-up exam, the differences between the two groups were compared based on univariate analysis.ResultsSignificant differences were not observed in the general and pathological information (including sex, age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), incision length, specimen volume, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and number of lymph nodes dissected), operation time, and postoperative complications (postoperative bleeding, incision infection, lymphatic leakage, and temporary hypoparathyroidism) between the two groups. The patients in the non-drainage group had a shorter hospital stay (2.11 ± 0.33 d) than the patients in the drainage group (3.38 ± 0.90 d) (P<0.001). The amount of cervical effusion in patients in the non-drainage group (postoperative 24h: 2.20 ± 1.24 ml/48 h: 1.53 ± 1.07 ml) was significantly less than that in the drainage group (postoperative 24 hours: 22.58 ± 5.81 ml/48 h: 36.15 ± 7.61 ml) (all P<0.001). The proportion of incision exudation and incision numbness in the non-drainage group was lower than that in the drainage group (all P<0.05), and the pain score (VAS) and neck foreign body sensation score (FBST) decreased significantly (P<0.05). During the 3- and 6-month follow-up exams, significant differences were not observed between the THYCA-QoL and drainage groups and the non-drainage group, although the scarring and POSAS values were lower than those in the drainage group. In addition, the length of stay and cost of hospitalization in the non-drainage group were lower than those in the drainage group (P<0.05).ConclusionRoutine drainage tube insertion is not needed in patients with unilateral thyroid lobectomy and central neck dissection.

Papillary carcinomas account for the largest proportion of thyroid cancers, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) being prone to early lymph node metastasis. Some studies have confirmed that LPAR5 can promote the progression of PTC, but immune-related analyses of LPAR5 and PTC have not been widely discussed. This study aimed to determine the role of LPAR5 in PTC prognosis and immunity. We will further explore the role of LPAR5 in 33 different tumor types. Regarding PTC, we analyzed the effect of LPAR5 expression on overall survival (OS). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Immune-related analyses of immune checkpoints (ICPs) and immune cell infiltration were also performed. For pan-cancer, R packages were used to analyze prognosis, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and immune cell infiltration. Analysis of tumor microenvironment (TME) and ICPs was performed using Sangerbox ( http://vip.sangerbox.com/home.html ). The TISIDB database ( http://cis.hku.hk/TISIDB/index.php ) was used to identify immune and molecular subtypes. LPAR5 expression is associated with PTC prognosis and immunity as well as various human tumors. LPAR5 may be a potential biomarker for multiple malignancies and may provide a new target for cancer immunotherapy.

传统的外科学教学模式已无法满足当代医学生临床思维培养的要求,在"互联网+"时代与疫情背景下,线上教学模式被广泛关注.本文拟设计依托于网络平台的外科学课程的优质线上教学模式,以学生为中心,分三阶段进行进阶式教学.课堂外学生自主学习专业知识,课堂内着重培养学生知识应用能力,这不仅可以锻炼学生的自主学习能力,提高学生在课堂中的积极性与主动性,还可以培养其临床思维能力,促进知识内化,为临床实践和培养优质医生打下基础.

传统的外科实习体系并不能满足医学教育对学生临床思维培养的要求,创立新的外科实习体系势在必行.结合当今"互联网+"的发展形势,在原有外科实习体系的基础上,改革以病例为中心考核为基础,结合多学科诊疗模式的外科实习新体系进行教学和实习,并应用于外科实践考核中.老年人由于机体各器官功能衰退,容易合并各种基础疾病,故其病情具有复杂化、多样化的特点,诊疗过程更需要多学科的参与.此教学模式的建立,更有助于同学们针对日益增多的老年患者群体的外科实践,在传统医学以疾病为中心的教学方式基础上,加入对临床思维的培养和锻炼,不但可以调动学生学习的积极性,还可以客观地考评医学生基本临床技能,而且将更能行之有效地去考察医学生整体临床思维及分析解决实际临床问题的能力及素养.