电子战和电磁频谱作战在现代战争中具有威慑作用,是决定战争胜负的首要因素,这在一系列局部战争和冲突中得到了充分证实.冷战结束以来,美国和俄罗斯在该领域展开了激烈的竞争和对抗,新型电子战武器层出不穷.梳理了近年来两国在电子战武器发展方面的现状和趋势,以作为我国发展电子战武器的借鉴.

现代战争指挥官和策划者应在实现其战术战略目标时尽最大可能保障己方士兵的生命安全和良好的生存条件.随着自动化科学和人工智能理论的发展,自动化和智能的兵器装备,即军用机器人可以在战场上进行作战,执行许多(尽管不是全部的)战斗功能,减少和避免兵员的伤亡.介绍近年来人工智能在兵器装备和战事中的应用,以期引起对智能无人兵器装备发展的关注.

电子电路微型化和高度集成化趋势以及微机光电系统的出现与商品化,为小型卫星和微纳卫星提供了广阔的发展空间.小型卫星和微纳卫星成本低、易使用,能快速升级和更新,在商用和军事战术层面具有广泛的应用前景.本文系统介绍微纳卫星的相关概念,分析了小型卫星主要是微纳卫星应用趋势以及所面临的挑战,介绍了国内外关于微纳卫星研究现状,以期对我国微纳卫星事业具有参考价值和借鉴作用.

Underactuated fixture has the features of enveloping and powerful grip. On the other hand, underactuated mechanism is more easily to be disturbed by external interference. The contribution of gripped configuration and underactuated elements’ parameters for gripped stability has not been revealed. The dynamic equations of an underactuated fixture are established by analysing the relationship between the gripping state and the small displacement. The equivalent stiffness of the underactuated gripped contact object is obtained, and the dynamic equation is established for gripped object. The dynamic contact stiffness matrix of the underactuated fixture is obtained by constructing the energy function. An example is used to analyse a planar two joints and symmetry gripped underactuated fixture. The asymptotically stable condition for gripped system can be described by two items: the contact point is symmetrical distribution, the equivalent contact damping C and contact stiffness K at each contact point is equal respectively. Furthermore, the asymptotic stability of the fixture can be satisfied when the stiffness and damping parameters meet the relative relation with the gripped configuration. The proposed method can be used to predicate the stability of the underactuated fixture. It can also guide the underactuated fixture design for gripped configuration and underactuated elements’ parameters. The approach is significant to improve gripping safety and reliability of underactuated mechanical fixture.

Linkage underactuated gripper mechanism can perform powerful and compliant envelope grip for different shape objects. Due to the underactuated elements like spring in the mechanism, underactuated gripper is easy to be disturbed by external interference. The stability of the underactuated gripper is related to the grip configuration and the design parameters of the underactuated elements. In this paper, the dynamic equations of an underactuated gripper are established by analyzing the relationship between the grasping state and the small displacement with force. The equivalent stiffness of the underactuated gripper contact object is obtained. The dynamic equation of the grasped object is established and the energy function is constructed. The dynamic contact stiffness matrix of underactuated passive self-adaptive envelope is obtained. The dynamic stability criterion for underactuated gripper is deduced. The grasp configuration and parameters design criterion with the stability condition are obtained.

Space weapons,especially anti-satellite weapons and anti-ballistic missile weapons,have an important strategic position to master the space in the future warfare.This paper analyzes and compares situation of the US,Russia and China in space weapons,mainly in anti-satellite weapons and ballistic missile defense weapons.As a matter of fact,this paper expects to provide some reference for the future development of China's space weapon system.

Tubular permanent magnet motors have been applied to many direct drive systems. This paper proposes a novel double-stator tubular fault-tolerant flux-modulation permanent magnet motor for an electromagnetic suspension system. The key of the proposed motor is the special double-stator and flux-modulation structure. The double-stator structure can make best use of the inner space of the motor. The flux-modulation structure is based on the magnetic gear effect, which can use effective harmonic components of magnetic field. Thus, the thrust force density is improved. Additionally, the idea of single-layer fractional-slot concentrated windings and fault-tolerant teeth is used to enhance fault-tolerant capability. The electromagnetic performance is analyzed by using the time-stepping finite-element method, verifying the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.

A new five-phase fault-tolerant tubular surface-mounted permanent magnet motor which is suitable for active vehicle suspensions was proposed and analyzed.The concept of fault-tolerant teeth and fractional-slot single layer concentrated windings were incorporated to provide the desired decoupling among phases,and surface-mounted permanent magnet was adopted to offer symmetric back-EMF and high thrust force.The electromagnetic performances of the newly designed motor were analyzed including the back electromotive force (back-EMF),mutual and self-inductances,fault-tolerance,detent force as well as thrust force.Finite-element analysis (FEA) was employed to verify the theoretical analysis,showing that the proposed motor not only retains the merits of primary-PM linear machines,but also offers symmetric sinusoidal back-EMF,high flux density,high thrust force and high fault-tolerant capability.

Space situational awareness is the essential elements of space resource development,and is the key of the protection of space assets and grasping of space control and implementing military operation in spaces.US government and military policymakers are well aware of the importance in developing space sit-uational awareness.From of the Cold War period,US began to build space surveillance systems.With the development of science and technology,their space surveillance systems become more and more advanced and powerful,and become systematic and worldwide space situational awareness.Based on the disclosed information from US Department of Defense and the US Air Force and its subsidiaries,as well as the relat-ed enterprise,this paper conducted a brief review and prospect of United States space situational awareness updated,so as to initiate future development of our country’s space situational awareness.

Tubular motors are suitable for active vehicle suspension due to their zero net radial force and volumetrically efficient. This paper proposes a new low-cost tubular fault-tolerant (TFT) interior permanent-magnet (IPM) motor for the high reliability operation of the active vehicle suspension system. The key is that the proposed motor incorporates the concept of fault-tolerant teeth to provide the desired decoupling among phases and adopts the ferrite magnet material to reduce the usage of rare-earth PMs. Its electromagnetic performances are investigated, such as flux linkage, back electromotive force, mutual- and self-inductances, and detent and thrust forces. A finite-element method is employed to verify the theoretical analysis, showing that the proposed TFT PM motor not only has the merits of low-cost, strong mechanical integrity, but also offers good fault-tolerant ability and high thrust force capability.

Tubular motors are suitable for active vehicle suspension due to the zero net radial force and volumetrically efficient. This paper proposes and analyzes a new five-phase fault-tolerant radially magnetized tubular permanent magnet motor which is suitable for active vehicle suspensions. The key is that the proposed motor incorporates the concept of fault-tolerant teeth to provide the desired decoupling among phases and adopts surface-mounted permanent magnet to offer symmetric back-EMF and high thrust force. The electromagnetic performances of the newly designed motor are analyzed including the back electromotive force (back-EMF), mutual and self-inductances, fault-tolerance, detent force as well as thrust force. Finite-element analysis (FEA) is employed to verify the theoretical analysis, showing that the proposed motor not only retains the merits of tubular linear machines, but also offers symmetric back-EMF, high flux density, high thrust force and high fault-tolerant capability.

Aimed at grasping motion characteristics, functional requirements and other problems of a developed under?actuated dexterous hand, a compound hierarchical control system was proposed, which combined master?slave control and self?control. The mas?ter?slave structure model combined DSP and FPGA was used in hardware system, and the modular design concept was used in software system. At the same time the grasping planning issue for under?actuated dexterous hand based on genetic algorithm was discussed. At last, grasping characteristics testing experiments were conducted. Experimental results show that the control system with a friendly hu?man?machine interface ( MMI) is fast in response, stable in performance, reliable and has low complexity, which makes the under?ac?tuated dexterous hand to effectively complete enveloped grasping for different objects.

The prediction of energy consumption plays an important role in energy management system of enterprise. This paper presents an algorithm of grey model-GM(1,1) to forecast the energy consumption of enterprise. In this article, the principle of grey prediction is analyzed and grey model- GM(1,1) is established, at the same time, the validation of method is verified by making use of the sampled data of compressed air consumption from steel workshop. The average relative error of grey model-GM(1,1) is no more than 1

It is difficult to establish a more accurate dynamic model of bicycle robot which is a nonlinear, time-varying, ambiguity of system, uncertainty, etc, While precise model of complex system often requires more complex control design and calculation. As the neural network can approach any nonlinear function by any precision and possesses inherent characteristics of adaptive capacity. Based on NNARMAX2 model and NNOE model, the network structure identification of a typical nonlinear, unstable, and strong coupling bicycle robot system is established, which explains the relationship between handlebar angle and the inclination angle of bicycle during bicycle robot running stably. By comparing of the identified results, the simulation results show that NNOE model is effective for neural network to identify the nonlinear bicycle robot system.

To solve the unfixed grasping tasks during the fruits picking and rating, grasping modeling is researched as the most important part of the robot hand solutions. A survey for grasping synthesis method with dexterous robot hand is presented in this paper. The difference of grasping characters is introduced between dexterous hand and underactuated hand. Especially, the feature of self-adaptive enveloping grasp achieved by underactuated finger mechanism is outlined, which has good performance in grasping unknown objects. In order to generate valid grasps for unknown target objects and apply in real-time control system for underactuated robot hand, a grasping strategy synthesis model for universal grasp tasks is proposed based on human knowledge analysis. It is composed by off-line neural networks training section and on-line compute section. Firstly, daily grasped objects are used to build a sample space by human experience. Then the discrete sample space is computed by fuzzy clustering method. The data is used to generate grasp decision scheme by rough set mixed artificial neural networks. An examination is simulated for grasp configurations choice of the underactuated robot hand with the aim to show the practical feasibility of the proposed grasp strategy.

This paper proposed to decrease the structure of probabilistic neural network based on Gaussian potential of data field.Core idea is following:Introduce data field to estimate probabilistic density of training set of each class and select their maximum to construct the network;iteratively train the initial network by appending the maximum density sample unrecognized of each class to pattern layer and modify the weight of samples until satisfying desired accuracy.Incremental computing density ensures faster iteration and higher possible convergence.And introduce resampling technique to boost the generalization accuracy.Experiments show that the proposed algorithms have concise explanation,moderate fitness and effective calculation.