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Joseph Volpe is generally considered to have founded the field of neonatal neurology. His research focuses on damage to the white matter of the brain in premature infants, a condition called periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Infants with PVL have an increased risk of developing cerebral palsy and can have intellectual or learning difficulties. Volpe has sought to define the biological mechanisms of PVL and design strategies to prevent it. He has approached this goal through both basic and clinical research.
Through basic research, he has demonstrated that early differentiating oligodendrocytes (cells that compose the white matter of the brain) are exquisitely vulnerable to attack by free radicals. Volpe has discovered that this vulnerability relates to impaired antioxidant defenses, requires iron, leads to apoptotic death, is highly maturation-dependent and can be prevented with mechanism-specific interventions.
Specifically, his work has identified two major upstream mechanisms: hypoxia-ischemia and systemic infection/inflammation with activation of brain microglia. These insults activate two major downstream mechanisms--excitotoxicity and, ultimately, generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. These insights have led to discovery of a variety of interventions that prevent or ameliorate the injury to early differentiating oligodendrocytes.
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Journal of child neurologyno. 8-9 (2023): 8830738231185688-497
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY (2023)
Sofia Herrera, Sofia Herrera, Erwin Cabacungan,Susan Cohen, Balamurugan Thyagarajan,Kimberley Jefferies,Kamran Avanaki,Rayyan Manwar, Laura McGuire,Tarikul Islam, Anthony Shoo,Fady T Charbel,
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