Our molecular analysis of the glaucomatous retina using gene array analysis is providing insight into the molecular pathways which induce retinal ganglion cell death. We are treating glaucomatous eyes with anti-glaucoma medications and laser treatments and performing molecular analysis with gene array analysis and proteomics to understand the molecular changes caused by glaucoma and retinal ganglion cell death. These molecular pathways which are differentially regulated in treated glaucomatous eyes relative to untreated, glaucomatous controls represent molecular targets for developing new and novel neuroprotective agents.