OperA and Brahms: A Symphony?

The organizational view on work systems focuses on the desired outcomes of work (i.e., the work process) while the emergent view focuses on how the work actually gets done (i.e., the work practice). Often a gap exists between these two, because workers pursue individual objectives in addition to the organizational objectives. Agent-based modeling and simulation can be used to improve work systems and thereby organizational performance. Current modeling and simulation frameworks only represent either one of the two views. In order to model both views, we propose an integration of two modeling and simulation frameworks, OperA and Brahms. Using the integrated model, we are able to run simulations that show to what degree work practice differs from work processes.