Embedded assessment: overcoming barriers to early detection with pervasive computing

Embedded assessment leverages the capabilities of pervasive com- puting to advance early detection of health conditions. In this approach, tech- nologies embedded in the home setting are used to establish personalized base- lines against which later indices of health status can be compared. Our ethno- graphic and concept feedback studies suggest that adoption of such health tech- nologies among end users will be increased if monitoring is woven into preven- tive and compensatory health applications, such that the integrated system pro- vides value beyond assessment. We review health technology advances in the three areas of monitoring, compensation, and prevention. We then define em- bedded assessment in terms of these three components. The validation of perva- sive computing systems for early detection involves unique challenges due to conflicts between the exploratory nature of these systems and the validation cri- teria of medical research audiences. We discuss an approach for demonstrating value that incorporates ethnographic observation and new ubiquitous computing tools for behavioral observation in naturalistic settings such as the home.