Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a state of the art technique.

Of the micromanipulation techniques developed in the twentieth century, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been the major breakthrough in the field of assisted fertilization, This article reviews the indications for the use of ICSI, its clinical application, the establishment of an ICSI programme including protocol and the results obtained since the introduction of ICSI and the potential risks. In addition, intracytoplasmic spermatid injection is briefly discussed.