Structure and Function of Core Promoter Elements in RNA Polymerase II Transcription

The initiation of messenger RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase II is regulated by a collection of cis-acting DNA elements. The core promoter, which is typically found ∼40 bp upstream and downstream of the transcription start site, plays a crucial role in the recruitment and positioning of the basic transcription machinery. DNA elements within the core promoter can also control the levels of gene transcription and specify enhancer selectivity. These regulatory functions are consistent with the large degree of diversity that has become apparent within core promoters. In this article, we will discuss our current understanding of the structure and function of core promoter elements in the regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II.