Impacto de la reducción de dosis de estavudina en su perfil de eficacia/seguridad en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana inmunológica y virológicamente estables

Pacientes y método Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo y multicéntrico, en el que se incluyó a pacientes tratados con d4T a dosis habituales (peso > 60 kg: 40 mg/12 h; peso < 60 kg: 30 mg/12 h) durante 6 meses o más y con carga vírica indetectable durante al menos 3 meses, a los que se redujo la dosis del fármaco (peso > 60 kg: 30 mg/12 h; peso < 60 kg: 20 mg/12 h). Se excluyó a pacientes en tratamiento con más de 3 fármacos y otros cambios de tratamiento. Se determinaron parámetros inmunológicos, virológicos, perfil lipídico e incidencia de efectos secundarios. Resultados Se incluyó a 982 pacientes. La prevención de la toxicidad fue el principal motivo de reducción de la dosis (76%). A los 6 meses el 97% y el 84% de los pacientes tenían menos de 400 y de 50 copias/ml, respectivamente y hubo un incremento significativo de 38 linfocitos/μl. No se observaron cambios significativos en los parámetros lipídicos en la lipodistrofia ni en la neuropatía periférica el período de 6 meses de seguimiento. Conclusiones La reducción de dosis de d4T no compromete su eficacia en una población inmunovirológicamente estable. Para corroborar si esta estrategia conlleva una menor toxicidad se necesitan estudios con seguimientos más prolongados. Background and objective Stavudine (d4T) has shown a favourable short and long-term tolerability profile. Nevertheless, its usage is currently decreasing due to some safety concerns. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of d4T low-dose-based regimens. Patients and method This was a multicenter and retrospective review chart of patients receiving standard doses of d4T for ≥ 6 months (weight > 60 kg: 40 mg/12 h; weight < 60 kg: 30 mg/12 h) and having undetectable viral load for at least 3 months before the d4T dose reduction (weight > 60 kg: 30 mg/12 h; weight < 60 kg: 20 mg/12 h). Immunological and viral parametres, lipid profile and side effects were determined. Results A total of 982 patients were included. The main reason for reducing the dose was prevention of tocixity (76%). After 6 months of follow-up, 97% and 84% patients had less than 400 and 50 cp/ml, respectively, and the CD4 cell count increased by 38 cel/ml. Lipids, lipodystrophy and peripheral polineuropathy improved but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions A d4T dose reduction in an immuno-virologically stable population does not affect treatment efficacy. Longer follow-ups are required to confirm improvements in the safety profile. Palabras clave Estavudina Eficacia Seguridad Reducción de dosis VIH Sida Key words Stavudine Efficacy Security Dose reduction HIV AIDS Referencias bibliográficas 1. J.E. Gallant S. Staszewsi A.L. Pozniak E. DeJesus J.M.A.H. Suleiman M.D. Millar Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients. 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