Molecular Basis of Oncogenesis by NF-κB

The Rel/NF-?B transcription factors are renowned for their fundamental contribution to normal immune, inflammatory and acute phase responses. A growing body of evidence also underscores their important role in the control of cellular gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Thus, it comes as no surprise that sustained Rel/NF-?B activity has emerged as a hallmark of many human cancers. Experimental evidence indicates a strong correlation between the transcriptional activity of Rel/NF-?B and its role in malignant cell transformation. The important role of NF-?B in the control of the apoptotic response also supports its participation in the resistance of tumor cells to therapeutic treatment. This review focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the contribution of Rel/NF-?B to cancer and highlights how appreciation of its role in this context has evolved from a bird?s eye view to a true recognition of its RELevant function in oncogenesis.