Chapter 22 Recent developments in our understanding of motor control, cortico-motoneuronal connections and the activation of motoneurons and motoneuronal pools**This chapter is a composite summary of presentations made by Joe F. Jabre (supported by the Boston VA Medical Center), Mark Hallett, Roger Lemon (supported by the Wellcome Trust, MRC and International Spinal Research Trust) and Daniel Kernel] at the XIICEMGCN in Prague, the Czech Republic, 7–11 September 1999.