Neuroprotection of Hypothermia Against Neuronal Death in Rat Hippocampus Through Inhibiting the Increased Assembly of GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 Signaling Module Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion.

Kainate receptor containing GluR6 subunit (KAR) is involved in the neuronal cell death induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotectant in brain ischemia, whereas the neuroprotective mechanisms have not been clearly established. The present study was set out to examine whether hypothermia would cause the alternation of the assembly of the GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 signaling module and the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway through KAR. Hypothermia (32 degrees C) was induced 10 min before ischemia and was maintained for 3 h after ischemia. Our results indicated that hypothermia could inhibit the assembly of GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 signaling module and suppressed the activation of MLK3, MKK4/7, and JNK3. The inhibition of JNK3 activation by hypothermia diminished the phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun and downregulated FasL expression in hippocampal CA1. Meanwhile, the inhibition of JNK3 activation by hypothermia attenuated bax translocation, the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase-3 in CA1 subfields. Both GluR6 antagonist NS102 and GluR6 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides partly blocked the aforementioned effects of hypothermia, which was further confirmed by histology. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that hypothermia decreased the increased assembly of the GluR6-PSD95-MLK3 signaling module and the activation of JNK pathway induced by I/R through KAR, which gave a new insight into the ischemic therapy. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.