Electrostatic electron energy analysers and the application of the cylindrical mirror system to the study of ionization efficiencies by electron impact

The many types of electrostatic electron energy analysers which have been used to obtain a near monoenergetic electron beam or to analyse an electron energy distribution are reviewed and compared. The development and application of a system incorporating a cylindrical mirror electron energy analyser, quadrupole mass spectrometer and computer time-averaging techniques for the study of ionization efficiencies by electron impact is discussed. High resolution (0.020–0.030 eV FWHM) first differential IE data for Kr+, Xe+ and N2+ are presented.