Analysis of narcotic drugs in biological samples using hollow fiber liquid–phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection

We report on a method for trace analysis of the narcotic drugs alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil in plasma and urine. Two–phase hollow fiber liquid–phase microextraction was combined with GC using nitrogen–phosphorus detection. Experimental parameters were optimized to give a viable analytical procedure whose limits of detection range from 8 to 15 ng L −1 (at an S/N of 3). The calibration curves are linear between 0.1 and 50 μg L −1 , with squared correlation coefficients ( r 2 ) between 0.9953 and 0.9979. Precision values range from 2.4% to 3.3% (intra–day RSD) and 3.2 to 6.3% (inter–day RSD). The relative recoveries varied from 27.8% to 84.6% (for spiked plasma) and 75 to 85.2% (for spiked urine). The method consumes little solvent, is simple, fast, inexpensive, and well suitable for the analysis of complicated matrices. Figure Schematic diagram of two phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) combined with GC and nitrogen–phosphorus detection for trace analysis of the narcotic drugs alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil in plasma and urine.