Retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinal extension in an infant--still existing?

Objectives: The objective of the present case report was to note that despite the low incidence of retropharyngeal abscess in the present antibiotic era, children, especially infants, can develop this condition. If early diagnosis is missed, the abscess may extend into the mediastinum and can be life threatening. Methods: Case reports of mediastinal abscess in the past literature along with the current case. Results: The present case was successfully managed by surgical drainage of the abscess via transcervical route along with intravenous antibiotic therapy, and the recovery was uneventful. Conclusions: Although the incidence of retropharyngeal abscess has declined with the widespread use of antibiotics, the presenting symptom can be overlooked in a pediatric population, especially infants, and can extend along the fascial planes to the mediastinum when the recovery becomes difficult. The present report is an effort to draw attention to this life-threatening complication of retropharyngeal abscess, emphasize the role of early diagnosis, and prompt surgical management.