An 87-$\hbox{mA}\cdot \min$ Iontophoresis Controller IC With Dual-Mode Impedance Sensor for Patch-Type Transdermal Drug Delivery System.

A bio-feedback iontophoresis controller IC is implemented into a fabric patch for transdermal drug delivery. An iontophoresis stimulator front-end (ISFE) can provide programmable stimulation current in the range of 16-512-μA amplitude, DC-500-Hz frequency, and 3% -100% duty cycle for controllable drug delivery. For safe and robust electrical stimulation, a failure detection circuit monitors the st...