The association of tea consumption with bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis.

The association between tea consumption and bladder cancer has been confirmed in several animal studies, but one epidemiological study in 2001 showed no association between them. In order to provide an accurate assessment of this, we conducted a meta-analysis on tea consumption and bladder cancer risk. Studies were identified by a literature search in PubMed from January 1980 to March 2012 and the reference lists of relevant studies. Random effect models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) based on high contrast to low intake values. Twenty-four publications (6 cohort studies and 18 case-control studies) based on consumption of overall tea, black tea, and green tea to bladder cancer risk were included in this analysis. For overall tea, the summary RR indicated no association between tea consumption and bladder cancer (RR=1.09, 95%CI: 0.85-1.40). In subgroup analyses, we found a moderate increase of bladder cancer risk in smoking group (RR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.04-3.01). In the black tea group, no statistically significant association was observed (RR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.70-1.01). Interestingly, in the subgroup of sex, a protective effect was observed between tea consumption and bladder cancer risk in females (RR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.38-0.98). For green tea group, there was no relationship associated with bladder cancer risk (RR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.82-1.31). In conclusion, our data suggest that high overall tea intake in smokers increased the risk of bladder cancer, and high black tea intake in females may reduce the risk of bladder cancer.