Stop Regain: A Pilot Psychological Intervention for Bariatric Patients Experiencing Weight Regain

Background A subset of bariatric patients fails to achieve or maintain long-term successful weight loss. Psychological and behavioral factors contributing to poor long-term outcomes include decreased adherence to surgical eating guidelines, life stressors that derail weight maintenance, unhealthy eating patterns, and substance use. Objectives A 6-week pilot group behavioral intervention utilizing techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was developed to treat bariatric patients experiencing weight regain. Setting Patients were treated at a large Midwestern academic medical center. Methods Twenty-eight patients (93 % female, 100 % Caucasian) with a mean age of 53 and a mean BMI of 35.6 had regained an average of 17 kg or 37 % of the weight lost after initially successful Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). All patients completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID I) modules assessing mood and substance dependence, and completed a series of questionnaires before and after group treatment, with weekly assessment of depressive symptoms, binge eating, and alcohol use. Results were analyzed utilizing repeated measures ANOVA. Results Weight decreased during the intervention by an average of 1.6 ± 2.38 kg ( p ≤ 0.01). Level of depressive symptoms improved for treatment completers ( p ≤ 0.01). Food records indicated that grazing patterns decreased ( p ≤ 0.01) and subjective binge eating episodes decreased ( p ≤ 0.03). Conclusions A 6-week pilot group behavioral intervention demonstrated an ability to help patients reverse their pattern of weight regain. Tailored behavioral interventions may be a useful treatment to enhance maintenance of long-term weight loss.