Blind and Visually Impaired Students Can Perform Computer-Aided Molecular Design with an Assistive Molecular Fabricator.

Life science in general and chemistry in particular are inaccessible to blind and visually impaired (BVI) students at the exception of very few individuals who have overcome, in a seemingly miraculous way, the hurdles that pave the way to higher education and professional competency. AsteriX-BVI a publicly accessible web server, developed at the Radboud University in the Netherlands already allows BVI scientists to perform a complete series of tasks to automatically manage results of quantum chemical calculations and produce a 3D representation of the optimized structures into a 3D printable, haptic-enhanced format that includes Braille annotations. We report here the implementation of Molecular Fabricator 1.0, a molecular editor which is a new assistive feature of AsteriX-BVI. This molecular editor allows BVI scientists to conceptualize complex organic molecules in their mind and subsequently create them via the server. It was developed around the concept that molecules are composed of chemical fragments connected together. Fragments from either a predefined dictionary or defined as short SMILES strings can be used, ensuring that almost any structure can be generated. A fragment-based relative atom-numbering scheme that can be mentally tracked is used together with the support of an automatically generated report in Braille providing topological information and a clean 2D sketch of the constructed molecule, that can be unambiguously recognized tactilely. The R or S stereochemical configuration of asymmetric centers is controlled via feedback provided in the Braille report. The molecular fabricator creates output files in a variety of formats currently used in drug design and theoretical chemistry. It was tested and refined with the help of HBW, the blind co-author of this article, who pursues a PhD in chemistry at UC Davis, California. With Molecular Fabricator 1.0 HBW can now create molecules very fast and verify their structures without external help as was the case before. Molecular Fabricator 1.0 and its tutorial are accessible at: http://swift.cmbi.ru.nl/bitmapb/access/runit_bvi.html.