Frequency/voltage wide-area measurements over transmission control protocol/internet protocol communication network for generator trip identification concerning missed data

Wide-area frequency/voltage measurements are used to observe and record changes in power system operating conditions. This study introduces an application of the frequency/voltage (F/V) wide-area measurements for identifying the generator trips. These measurements are received from the frequency disturbance recorders (FDRs). The FDRs transmit their measurements over the transmission control protocol/internet protocol-based communication network to the data concentrator server (DCS) hosted at Helwan University. The transmitted data from FDRs to the DCS using IP protocol cannot guarantee the quality of service while it provides the best effort delivery for data packets. Missed data at the DCS are expected as a result of number of factors including packet drop because of network congestion, buffer overflow at the source or destination, corrupted packets rejected in-transit or faulty networking hardware. The study introduces a new technique to compensate the missed data using principal component analysis in order to determine a specific signature and properties for each generator trip in the power system network. These signatures are compared with recorded signatures using minimum distance classification to determine a probable match. The real-time measurements collected at DCS showed that some data are missed because of the previously mentioned factors.