Does Glycoprotein IIIa Gene(Pl A ) Polymorphism Influence Clopidogrel Resistance?

Background Clopidogrel is a potent antiplatelet drug used for secondary prevention after ischaemic cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. In patients with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) intolerance or resistance, it is used as monotherapy. Recent data report that Pl A polymorphism of the glycoprotein IIIa gene may account for differences in aspirin-induced antiplatelet effects. An increased degree of platelet reactivity was also reported in Pl A2 carriers compared with Pl A1/A1 patients after administration of a clopidogrel 300mg loading dose. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the modulatory effect of the Pl A2 allele on platelet aggregation in patients taking long-term clopidogrel. Methods The prevalence of the Pl A2 allele was assessed in 38 (21 males, 17 females; mean age 63 ± 13 years) clopidogrel-resistant and 59 (26 males, 33 females; mean age 63 ± 11 years) clopidogrel-responsive patients. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was utilised to evaluate Pl A polymorphism. A Carat TX4® optical platelet aggregometer (Carat Diagnostics Ltd, Budapest, Hungary) was used to measure 5 and 10 µmol/L adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Results Significantly more patients were taking combination antiplatelet therapy in the clopidogrel-resistant group than in the clopidogrel-responsive group (50% vs 30%, respectively). The prevalence of the Pl A2 allele did not differ significantly between the two groups (0.09 vs 0.13), even after adjustment for combination therapy and various risk factors. Conclusions Our results show that carriers of the Pl A2 allele do not have an increased risk of clopidogrel resistance. These findings and data from our previous studies suggest that patients with a Pl A2 allele homozygosity may benefit from antiplatelet therapy based on clopidogrel rather than aspirin.