Modulation of the endogenous antioxidants paraoxonase-1 and urate by pesticide exposure and genetic variants of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes

•Pesticide exposure may affect plasma antioxidant potential.•Exposure to anticholinesterase pesticides was associated with reduced PON1 activity.•Long-term pesticide exposure was associated with increased PON1 activity.•PON1-192R allele was associated with increased serum urate levels.•Gene-pesticide interactions may play a role in pesticide-induced oxidative stress.