γδ T cell subsets play opposing roles in regulating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

•γδ IL-17-producing T cells are pathogenic in SJL/J mice with EAE.•A γδ T cells are found in CNS inflammatory lesions and contact oligodendrocytes.•The Vγ4 subset exclusively produces IL-17 in the CNS.•The Vγ1 subset plays a protective role in regulating EAE priming in the periphery.•Transcriptional regulation of IL-17 in Vγ4 cells differs from CD4+ Th17 cells.