Increased Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin A1 Cells in Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsy Specimens in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy

The origin of mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) in IgA nephropathy remains unknown. To investigate potential abnormalities within the bone marrow in this condition, bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens from seven patients and matched controls were studied using two-color immunofluorescence. In addition, serum levels of IgA and IgA, were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Serum levels of IgA and IgA, were higher in patients than in controls (4.53 ± 1.38 g/L v 2.56 ± 1 g/L, P < 0.01 and 3.68 ± 1.11 g/L v 1.92 ± 0.7 g/L, P < 0.005, respectively). In addition, patient trephine biopsy specimens contained an increased percentage of IgA plasma cells (61.6% ± 4.4%) compared with controls (47.3% ± 2.5%) (P < 0.02). The proportion of IgA plasma cells bearing subclass IgA, was also greater in the patient biopsy specimens (91.6% ± 1.9%) compared with controls (81.4% ± 2.7%) (P < 0.01). In patients a positive correlation between the percentage of marrow IgA plasma cells and serum IgA levels was found (r = 0.94, P < 0.002). However, our studies failed to demonstrate a similar correlation between serum IgA, levels and IgA, marrow cells. These findings support the hypothesis that mesangial IgA may derive from the bone marrow.