Robust estimation of event-related potentials via particle filter

•We constructed a model describing event-related potential (ERP) by trend model.•A 400-particle filter produced the best mean square error in the ERP estimation.•The filter reduced an amount of average by 42.8% compared with simple averaging.•The filter could estimate P300 robustly by application to EEG in P300 speller.•Real-time processing is realized in any computer with an appropriate particle number.