Performance of IRI-based ionospheric critical frequency calculations with reference to forecasting

Ionospheric critical frequency (foF2) is an important ionospheric parameter in telecommunication. Ionospheric processes are highly nonlinear and time varying. Thus, mathematical modeling based on physical principles is extremely difficult if not impossible. The authors forecast foF2 values by using neural networks and, in parallel, they calculate foF2 values based on the IRI model. The foF2 values...