A Case of Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Maxillary Sinus

We report a 48-year-old female with rhabdomyosarcoma in the maxillary sinus. She consulted our clinic with complaints of hemosputum and ophthalmalgia on the right side. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-enhanced mass in the superior-lateral portion of the right maxillay sinus with bone destruction of the orbital floor. Transantral biopsy of the tumor demonstrated embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the maxillary sinus. There was no evidence of metastases from rhabdomyosarcoma. The lesion was classified in group IIIA and stage II according to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) classification, which is mostly used for pediatric cases. Treatment was performed according to the IRS IV protocol. She underwent chemotherapy with intravenous injection of vincristine, pirarubicin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D and ifosfamid, followed by surgical excision and radiotherapy (60Gy). There has been no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis 3 years post-operatively. Since rhabdomyosarcoma in adults is very rare, the standard treatment for the lesion has not been established. The present study suggested that chemotherapy combined with surgical excision and radiotherapy based on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study is also effective in the treatment of adult patients with rhabdomyosarcoma.