Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Diagnosis of Toxoplasma Lymphadenitis

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis with demonstration of a tissue cyst containing bradyzoites has been very rarely reported. CASE: A 17-year-old female presented with a mobile, painless, 2-cm-diameter swelling over the right supraseapular area. Clinical diagnosis was lipoma. FNA smears showed features of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, including tingible body macrophages and groups of epithelioid histiocytes. A Toxoplasma cyst with bradyzoites was also demonstrated in a Papanicolaou-stained smear. Following FNA cytodiagnosis, serologic tests revealed a high titer of IgG and the presence of IgM-specific antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, indicating active/recent disease. CONCLUSION: FNA cytology is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis. Papanicolaou stain is appropriate for demonstration of the parasite. Serology is an excellent adjunct in clinching the diagnosis.