Increased or Stable Chronotropic Index over 7 years Predict Reduced Risks of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality among Healthy Middle-aged Men

Christian Hodnesdal,Kristian Engeseth,Per Torger Skretteberg,Irene Grundvold,Knut Liestol,Sverre E. Kjeldsen,Johan Bodegard,Jan Erikssen,Knut Gjesdal

Circulation（2013）

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摘要

Background: The chronotropic index (CI), a measure of the ability to increase heart rate (HR) during exercise, is previously reported to predict morbidity and mortality. CI reflects the combined ef...

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关键词

Cardiovascular,Risk factors,Heart rate/Heart rate variability,Cardiovascular disease prevention,Prevention

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