A Novel Technique of Robotic-Assisted Simple Cystectomy During Urinary Diversion for Benign Indications

Background When urinary diversion is necessary for benign indications, the defunctionalized bladder is at risk of a number of severe complications such as bleeding, pain, pyocystis and secondary urothelial carcinoma. These complications occur in 54%-80% of patients left with native bladder after diversion, and these patients go on to require completion cystectomy 20%-25% of the time. Rowley et al. at the University of Michigan reported their experience in open simple cystectomy in 2011 in a series of 23 patients. This operation, to our knowledge, has not been previously adapted to the robotic platform despite the growing prevalence of robotic surgery including for complex reconstruction and urinary diversion. Here we report our novel adapted technique of performing robotic simple cystectomy in 2 index patients. Objective To visually demonstrate and report our technique of simple cystectomy, utilizing the robotic platform, including outcomes in 2 index patients. Methods Two index patients are presented, including outcomes: One female with spinal cord injury, smoking and chronic infections in the setting of suprapubic catheter diversion, and one male with multiply failed local treatments including radiation and cryotherapy for prostate cancer that have resulted in chronic fistula, prior Fournier's gangrene, and sympheseal osteomyelitis. Results he operations were completed without difficulty, in an expedient fashion (35-48 minutes) and without significant blood loss (10cc or less). The technique is illustrated in the accompanying video. Conclusion This novel adapted robotically-assisted operation appears to be a rapid and reproducible operation that recapitulates the principles of open surgery with little time or blood loss, thus avoiding the morbidity of radical cystectomy or of delayed secondary operations, while at the same time providing all the benefits inherent to a robotic operation. Outcomes appear excellent. Further study is needed.