Comparative Finite-Element Analysis for Defect Reconstruction with Rhomboid Flaps

Objectives: To view the utility of comparative 2D finite element analysis (FEA) of rhomboid flap models in analyzing how varying skin stiffness and directionality affects closure of a facial defect. Methods: Two‐dimensional (2D) finite element models based on prior validated 2D. Nonlinear hyperelastic human skin models of rhomboid surgical flaps were parameterized for reconstruction of a 2 × 2 cm facial defect. Skin stiffness and directionality were varied to simulate several real‐patient factors such as age, radiation, sex, etc. ANSYS 12.1 was used to compute the stress/strain and reaction force results. Results: The challenges of defect closure often include intrinsic factors of a patient's skin. As skin stiffness and directionality vary, the stress/strain patterns vary accordingly. FEA gives surgeons the ability to visually see how certain patient‐specific skin factors affect closure of a defect, allowing for anticipation of challenges such as dog‐earing or high strain fields near critical structures (eye, ear, and hairline). Conclusions: The utility of finite element models for analyzing and planning pre‐surgical endeavors has been well‐documented. Our study is the first of its kind for comparative surgical planning for varying skin conditions.