The Effect of Roux-en-Y vs. Omega-Loop Gastric Bypass on Liver, Metabolic Parameters, and Weight Loss

Background Omega-loop gastric bypass (OLGB) results in weight loss (WL) but data on its impact on liver and glucose metabolism compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the development of hepatic and metabolic markers as well as WL between the above-mentioned surgical groups during the first postoperative year. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the respective parameters in non-diabetic morbidly obese patients who underwent either RYGB ( n = 25) or OLGB ( n = 25). Results Compared to RYGB, OLGB showed a greater WL percentage. Liver transaminases dropped in RYGB, while rose in OLGB. No correlation between aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and WL could be detected. Gamma-glutamyltransferase decreased significantly in RYGB over the first 3 months, while it increased in OLGB. We found higher levels of triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and liver fat percentage in RYGB at baseline, despite matching the groups for age, sex, and BMI. Those differences disappeared, except for triglycerides, within 1 year. All metabolic parameters correlated with WL. Conclusion OLGB results in greater WL but transiently deteriorated several liver parameters in the first postoperative year. This was not associated with WL. The impact of these results on hepatic outcomes such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis progression requires further studies. In both groups, improved insulin resistance and sensitivity were correlated with higher WL and lower liver fat percentage, respectively.