A qualitative inference method for prediction of geographic process using spatial and temporal relations.

Knowledge engineering is the systematic self-disciplined set of activities involved in design and development of knowledge-based systems. Abstraction of the real world into codified information is the objective of knowledge representation KR. The survey of various works of researchers in the domain of spatio-temporal knowledge representation for reasoning real world actions in geographic applications is presented. Geographic event attributed spatial entity GEASE knowledge-base that will aid in reasoning events causing the spatial change in geographic features over the period of time is proposed. GEASE knowledge-base describing a spatial entity by considering the temporal event as an attribute is constructed to infer events that cause geographical changes. As a result, the significance of the proposed knowledgebase is illustrated by evaluating event based queries on synthetic dataset. Finally, we conclude the work with direction to enhance the logical formulation for its implementation on real datasets in future.