An LO-buffer-less 60-GHz CMOS transmitter with oscillator pulling mitigation

A low-power and small-area 60-GHz CMOS transmitter with oscillator pulling mitigation is presented. The subharmonic injection locking technique for the suppression of pulling effects is analyzed and demonstrated. The transmitter fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process achieves 7.04-Gb/s data rate with an EVM performance of -25 dB in 16QAM. The whole transmitter consumes 210 mW from a 1.2-V supply and occupies a core area of 0.82 mm ² including a PLL.