Friction and wear reducing properties of multifunctional small molecules.

Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds were designed empirically and subsequently synthesized, and their rheology, friction and wear performance as multifunctional base oils (MFBOs) was evaluated. Two of the compounds displayed good viscosity/rheology profile without the addition of polymeric viscosity modifiers, displaying high viscosity indexes (VI) above 200. Furthermore, all three MFBOs had lower coefficients of friction compared to well established and accepted benchmarks. The most significant advancement is their impressive wear improvement, by a factor of 5.5 to 70 compared to either of the benchmarks, which is attributed to the polar nature of the base oil which promotes boundary lubrication with metal surfaces. Moreover, the compounds were easily synthesized in one step from commercial starting materials. This work demonstrates that careful design could provide the features/performance/functions of base oil, rheology modifiers (or viscosity index improvers), anti-wear and friction reducing additives, all-in one molecule.