Adenosine A2A receptor involves in neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive decline through activating microglia under acute hypobaric hypoxia

•Acute HH induced cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.•Genetic A2AR deletion attenuated acute HH-induced impairment of spatial memory.•Hippocampal A2ARs were mainly expressed on microglia and up-regulated in acute HH model of mice.•Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by acute HH was inhibited through genetic A2AR inactivation.