Empirical Evaluation Of Hybrid Gaze-Controller Selection Techniques In A Gaming Context

Controller-based interaction is popular due to the increasing prevalence of console and couch-based games, but is known to be slower and less accurate than aiming with a mouse. In this study we evaluated the performance of five interaction techniques for games to determine if gaze interaction can improve the performance of controller interaction. We compared mouse only, controller only, gaze only with two commonly used gaze and controller hybrid interactions: gaze teleportation and gaze panning We implemented a targeting game that resembled a Fitts's Law test to evaluate performance, effort, and preference. Our findings show that mouse was the fastest technique and gaze was both the slowest and most error-prone. For the controller-based techniques, players preferred gaze teleportation over the other techniques; however, it only improved performance over the controller for targets that were small and far away.