Effect of space allowance and flooring on the behavior of pregnant ewes.

Space allowance recommendations for pregnant ewes vary considerably. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of space allowance and floor type on activity, lying position, displacements, and aggressive interactions in pregnant ewes. A 3 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted with space allowance (0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 m(2)/ewe) and type of flooring (straw bedding and expanded metal flooring) as the main factors. A total of 48 pregnant ewes were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 8 ewes in each group. All groups were exposed to each treatment for 7 d. The ewes were video recorded for 24 h at the end of each treatment period and general activity, lying position in the pen, and social lying position were scored every 15 min. Displacements and aggressive interactions were scored continuously from 1030 to 1430 h. Mean lying time (P < 0.0001) and time spent lying simultaneously (P < 0.0001) increased whereas time spent eating (P < 0.001) and standing (P < 0.001) decreased when space allowance increased from 0.75 to 1.50 m(2)/ewe. Further increasing the space allowance to 2.25 m(2)/ewe, however, had no effect on these parameters. Sitting was observed only in the 0.75 m(2)/ewe treatment. Type of flooring had no significant effect on general activity. Ewes in the straw bedding treatment spent more time lying in the middle of the pen than ewes on expanded metal (P < 0.0001), but space allowance had no significant effect on this parameter. The proportion of time spent lying against side walls increased (P < 0.0001) whereas the proportion of time spent lying against the back wall decreased (P < 0.0001) when the space allowance was increased. In general, the distance between the ewes when lying significantly increased when space allowance increased from 0.75 to 1.50 m(2)/ewe. Total number of displacements when lying (P < 0.0001) and aggressive interactions when active (P < 0.001) decreased when space allowance increased from 0.75 to 1.50 m(2)/ewe and further slightly decreased, although the decrease was significant only[ for displacements when lying, when space allowance increased to 2.25 m(2)/ewe. Low-ranked ewes were not exposed to more aggressive behavior than high-ranked ewes. In conclusion, increasing space allowance from 0.75 to 1.50 m(2)/ewe had positive effects on activity and behavior in pregnant ewes, but further increasing space allowance to 2.25 m(2)/ewe had limited effects, as did type of flooring. Hence, recommended space allowance for pregnant ewes should not be lower than 1.50 m(2)/ewe.