[Fertility Preservation in Prepubertal und Pubertal Children and Adolescents].

Background Due to rising survival rates in cancer and autoimmune diseases fertility preservation before gonadotoxic therapies has become increasingly important. Although fertility can be significantly affected by gonadotoxic therapies, the possibility of fertility preservation during childhood has not been sufficiently considered so far. Methods Selective literature research with presentation of fertility preservation methods, their indications, implementations, risks and efficacy. Results Measures are indicated in all girls and boys at high risk of gonadal damage. The complexity of the techniques requires special expertise in the counseling and implementation, which is offered to girls in counselling Germany especially in the centers of FertiPROTEKT (www.fertiprotekt.com). In girls, mainly cryopreservation of ovary tissue is considered. In postpubertal girls cryopreservation of oocytes is also possible. In postpubertal boys sperm can be preserved. Freezing of testicular tissue is still experimental in prepubertal boys. Success rates are still difficult to quantify; birth rates of about 50% are discussed. All procedures are not covered by health insurance. Conclusion In children and adolescents, measures of fertility preservation should be considered in cases of highly gonadotoxic therapies, and appropriate advice should be given by specialists.