WT1-pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine Combined with Chemotherapy for Resected Pancreatic Cancer in a Phase I Study.

Background/Aim: Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed in cancer. We examined the safety of WT1-peptide pulsed dendritic cell (WT1-DC) vaccine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with surgically resected pancreatic cancer. Patients and Methods: Eight patients with resectable pancreatic cancer undergoing surgery either combined with S-1 or S-1 plus gemcitabine therapy were enrolled. Immunohistochemical analysis of WT1 was performed in 34 cases of pancreatic cancer. Results: No serious side-effects were observed, except grade I fever in five and grade I reactions at the injection site in all patients. WT1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes were detected in seven patients, and WT1 and human leukocyte antigen class I antigens were positive in all 34 cases. Conclusion: Our study clarified the safety and potential acquisition of immunity after vaccination targeting WT1. Further efficacy of WT1-DC vaccine to improve prognosis would be determined by a prospective clinical trial for resectable pancreatic cancer.