RETRACTED ARTICLE: LncRNA PVT1 triggers Cyto-protective autophagy and promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development via the miR-20a-5p/ULK1 Axis

Background Defective autophagy is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Human plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA that has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but how PVT1 operates in the regulation of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear. Methods PVT1 expression level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and hybridization in situ (ISH). Western blot or qRT-PCR was performed to assess the ULK1 protein or mRNA level. Autophagy was explored via autophagic flux detection under a confocal microscope and autophagic vacuoles investigation under a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological role of PVT1 in autophagy and PDA development was determined by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays. Results We found that PVT1 levels paralleled those of ULK1 protein in PDA cancer tissues. PVT1 promoted cyto-protective autophagy and cell growth by targeting ULK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high PVT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we found that PVT1 acted as sponge to regulate miR-20a-5p and thus affected ULK1 expression and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the “PVT1/miR-20a-5p/ULK1/autophagy” pathway modulates the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may be a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.