Association of Glutathione S-transferase Theta 1 and Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 Gene Polymorphism with the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia During Pregnancy in Bangladesh

Aim In this study, we analyzed the risk of developing pre-eclampsia with respect to glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) genotypes. We also tried to find relationship between genotypes and biochemical parameter change in pre-eclampsia patients. Methods In total, 104 pre-eclampsia patients and 200 healthy controls were recruited for the study. Peripheral venous blood was drawn from study subjects and DNA was extracted from whole blood and multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was used to identify genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene. All biochemical parameters were measured using colorimetric method. Results Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase level was significantly higher (P < 0.01) and hemoglobin level was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in pre-eclampsia patients compared to control subjects. Significant association was found in GSTM1 null genotype with pre-eclampsia (P < 0.001) with an odds ratio (OR) analysis showing more than four-fold increased risk (OR = 4.75; 95% CI = 2.17-10.39; P <0.001). But for GSTT1 gene, null genotype was not associated with increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia (P > 0.05). In case of GSTT1 and GSTM1, the patients having both null genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 showed significant (P < 0.001) higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia (OR = 7.64; 95% CI = 2.38-24.60; P < 0.001). Conclusion GSTM1 null genotype increases the risk of pre-eclampsia. Combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype, the risk was even higher.